Background: The purpose is to examine the myoelectrical activity of erector spinae muscle in patients with acute and sub-acute mechanical low back pain (MLBP) and normal subjects.Methods: A total of 30 patients 15 with MLBP and 15 normal subjects of both genders participated in the study with convenient sampling; all were aged between 20-50 years. The participants were asked to perform movement which was paced by computer running a program and the myoelectrical activity of erector spinae muscle in patients with acute and sub-acute mechanical low back pain and normal subjects were examined.Results: This study stated that patients with MLBP has increased or over activity of erector spinae muscle during complete lumbar flexion when the muscle should be electrically silent. This was observed with help of EMG graph where increase in activity was observed with increase in amplitude, duration and time in graph.Conclusions: There is increase in the amplitude, duration and time in flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) in mechanical low back pain patients when compared to normal subjects.

Background: Diabetes is considered as a pandemic in both developing and developed countries and also a factor for increase in the rate of falls as it has potential to affect nervous system. Loss of balance is identified as a leading cause of increase in the risk of falls. Two Point Discrimination (TPD) can be a cost effective tool in early detection of impaired balance due to its role in sensory integration through mechanoreceptors and in turn providing compensatory postural adjustments. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the correlation between TPD and balance in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and Methods: 149 patients aged 30-60 years having history of T2DM for 2 or more years able to perceive 10g of monofilament on the foot and being able to walk independently were included in this study. TPD was measured on plantar surface of toes for the patients in supine lying by Digital Vernier Caliper (DVC). Single Leg Stance Test (SLST) eyes open and eyes closed was measured for static balance. Timed Up and Go test (TUG) was measured for dynamic balance. Data was analysed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: TPD showed moderately negative correlation with SLST eyes open (r =-0.296) and SLST eyes closed (r =-0.336) and showed a weak positive correlation with TUG (r =0.188) the p value < 0.05 for all. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a correlation between TPD perception and Balance in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Most of falls in elderly occur in the event of unexpected external perturbations. For this reason the Anticipatory and Reactive balance should be emphasized upon. Weighted torso balance training (WTBT), though a novel concept, has proved its merit on improving balance in patients with neurological deficits like Stroke, MS etc. This study thus aims towards determining the effectiveness of WTBT on anticipatory and reactive balance in elderly individuals. Subjects and Methods: In this comparative study, 36 patients aging 60-75 yrs and those meeting the selection criteria were selected. Anticipatory and reactive balance was measured using MiniBESTest. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received comprehensive balance training 3 times a week for 3 weeks. The experimental group performed the same exercises while wearing a weighted vest. MiniBESTest was administered post 3 weeks of exercises, data upon checking for normalcy, was analyzed using t-test. Results: Within group analysis of 33 subjects (3 dropouts) for MiniBESTest and its 4 sub components showed statistically significant results (p<0.01) for both groups. Between group analysis showed that WTBT was statistically more significant (p<0.0001) than conventional balance training in improving anticipatory balance, reactive balance, sensory orientation and overall MiniBESTest scores. Conclusion:This study concluded that WTBT as an adjunct to conventional balance training is more effective than conventional balance training alone in improving anticipatory and reactive balance in elderly individuals.