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Structures resting on sloping ground are highly vulnerable to earthquakes due to irregularities in plan and elevation. Structures are often analysed under earthquake loadings, without considering the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI). This practice is not advisable from practical point of view. In this present study, an attempt has been made to study the effect of slope angle variation for the structures resting on sloping ground, considering the base of the structures fixed as well as flexible (SSI). The analysis is performed in equivalent static force method (ESFM), response spectrum method (RSM), time history method (THM), nonlinear static method (NLSM) and nonlinear time history method (NLTHM). Results expose the criticality associated with increment of slope angle, with and without SSI consideration. Importance of considering SSI in seismic analysis is also revealed.

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Structures with soft storey configuration are most vulnerable under earthquake loading but the risk increases abruptly if the structures are also irregular in plan. In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the seismic vulnerability of such structures by equivalent static force method (ESFM), response spectrum method (RSM) and time history method (THM). Results are obtained and compared with different models and extreme response has been recorded for open ground storey (OGS) building. Due to plan irregularity torsional responses are also involved in structures. To mitigate the soft storey effect and torsional response shear walls are introduced in different locations at OGS, OGS columns are designed 2.5times of the ground storey moment and shear force, OGS columns are replaced by reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (RCFSTC), and the best solution among these three techniques are presented.

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