No abstract

The accumulation of large quantities of solid waste inside Mosul city becomes a real residential and municipal management problem. There are many reasons including the existence of unplanned dumping sites within the city boundaries, and the absence of scientific researches which applies modern techniques for selecting the optimal solid waste landfill. This study uses geographic information system (GIS) and analytic hierarchical process (AHP) which is used to extract the weights with the help of Super Decision SD software. The studied variables data can be classified according to specified processing method into two types: continuous data, and discrete data. The ranking map has been designed after multiplying each variable with its extracted weight, then the final map has been created based on the values obtained from the ranking map. The results show that the optimal landfill area is located at south west Mosul city. This study aims at building a model by using GIS to determine the optimal and potential solid waste landfill site.

There is a continuous need to assess Groundwater Quality (GWQ) for human beneficial uses especially in areas suffering a shortage of nearby surface water. This study aims to assess GWQ of 56 wells located at Al-Shekhan area for drinking, irrigation, and livestock purposes. Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique is used to extract weights of parameters that are needed in the calculation of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) technique. Maps are created using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and these maps shows the classes of suitable areas for each purpose depending upon the calculated indices which are extracted from SAW technique. The results show that the final map classifi es the suitable parts according to the drinking, irrigation and livestock purposes, and it shows that the north eastern part of the studied area is suitable for irrigation and livestock only. A model of GIS and AHP is built to assess the suitability of GWQ in Al-Shekhan area, and can be a raw model to be applied to assess GWQ in any other area after inserting the values of their parameters.

No abstract

Changes in air temperature have a significant impact in Iraq due to global climate change. The objective of this study is to project future trends of air temperature in Iraq. In this study, the future air temperature was projected for 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100 from the CCSM4 climate model belong to CMIP5 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenario for Iraq. The historical observed air temperature data (1950 – 2014) acted as referenced as the mean air temperature data obtained from 18 meteorological stations. Statistical downscaling has implemented. The model outputs were calibrated by using around 80% of the observed historical and model historical data. After that, it proved a significant performance of a statistical downscaling process for simulation air temperature for future periods. The results revealed that the mean air temperature would increase under the four RCPs scenarios with different levels. The lower increase rate belongs to the RCP2.6 scenario, the increase rate is expected to be (0.5-0.8 °C) above the observed historical level. However, the RCP8.5 has the highest rate at (4.1 -6 °C) while, the RCP4.5 and RCP6.5 have (1-2 °C) and (2-4 °C) respectively. On the other hand, the temperature expands direction is from the south toward central, west and north of Iraq.