During extractions industries, particularly oil companies in Iraq such Ahdab oil field that consuming a huge amount of water which led to producing oil-contaminated water thus it made dangerous on natural life (agricultural lands and rivers) and infrastructural through cause complex corrosion for pipelines and equipment’s. Coagulation and flocculation processes are efficient to separate oil content and the suspended solids portion from the waste water. During the study have been used additives of the ferrous sulphate, aluminum sulphate and calcium sulphate in the range (10-40) ppm, for the processes of coagulant, and polyelectrolyte-(polyacrylamide) additional to the flocculent has used. Additives materials within the coagulant and flocculant treatments have been led to obtaining of the optimal eliminations amount total suspended solids, oil contents and others. It has been noted that the percentage of oil removing about 86.67%, 85.5% and 79.6 via using 30 ppm coagulant dose of ferric sulphate, aluminum sulphate and calcium sulphate with 2.5 mg/L of polyacrylamide at pH = 6.86 and room temperature (25 °C). Generally, ferrous sulphate has highly ability to adsorbing the oil particulates and suspended solids of the refinery wastewater, as well the reducing economic cost of water treatments.
In this study, the refinery wastewater treatment system by the photovoltaic electro-Fenton oxidation process was presented, which integrates the environmentally friendly photovoltaic and autonomous solar energy along with the capability of electro for oil content removing in the refinery wastewater. The direct connection between the photovoltaic panel and the electro-oxidation reactor can be accomplished without using batteries. This connection increases the sustainability of the system and eliminates the environment hazard resulted from the inappropriate disposal of the batteries. The photovoltaic electro-oxidation system is commonly made for multipurpose usage depending on the instantaneous solar irradiation by setting the volume of the wastewater to the supplied current intensity that provided by the photovoltaic array. The effect of several parameters that have critical impacts on the system efficiency of the presented process has studied by the Minitab-17 and the response surface methodology. Speed of agitation, solution electrolysis time, and the temperature have been presented and the optimal levels that corresponds to the optimal conditions were investigated and presented as well. Results of the experimental work showed that the working conditions of the agitation speed was 175 rpm, temperature was 70 oC and 15 min-reaction time, the concentration of oil in the treated refinery wastewater (RWW) was significantly decreased from 96.5 ppm (initial value) to specific values less than 2 ppm (the permissible limit), a removal percentage with an amount more that 98% and 20.4 kWh/m3 for the energy consumption were obtained. The suggested process is suitable for refinery wastewater remediation, especially for small amounts of oil content in RWW.
a b s t r a c tRecovery of lead from simulated wastewater was investigated in a batch mode rotating cylinder electrode reactor. Lead ions were cathodically reduced in a 0.5 M sodium chloride solution at a 316L stainless steel rotating cylinder electrode. These experiments were conducted for different Pb 2+ concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm), different values of solution pH (2, 3, 5 and 6.5) and different rotation rates (100, 150, 200 and 250 rpm). The potential under which the process is mass transfer control was found to be -1 V vs. standard calomel electrode, which is a reference electrode. Diffusion coefficient and diffusion layer thickness for this process was found experimentally. A dimensionless empirical correlation was constructed according to the experimental results among the Sherwood number, Reynolds number and Schmidt number.
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