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Métodos de aplicação da simulação computacional em edifícios naturalmente ventilados no clima quente e úmido Methods for applying computer simulation in naturally ventilated building in hot-humid climate Sileno Cirne Trindade Aldomar Pedrini Raimundo Nonato Calazans DuarteResumo ventilação natural é o principal recurso passivo para a obtenção do conforto térmico em climas quentes e úmidos, reduzindo também o consumo energético com condicionamento artificial. Entretanto, arquitetos fazem restrição a seu uso por não haver garantias de solução dos problemas de conforto térmico, quando comparada aos sistemas artificiais. Nesse sentido, decidiu-se investigar formas de prever o comportamento da ventilação natural em edifícios através de ferramentas de simulação computacional, visando apoiar a tomada de decisão no projeto de arquitetura. O objeto de estudo é o edifício pré-fabricado, do tipo galpão, considerado como típico na cidade de Natal, RN. Utilizaram-se um programa de dinâmica de fluidos computacional (CFD) e um de simulação térmica e energética de edificações. O artigo tem como foco a discussão dos procedimentos necessários para viabilizar as análises da ventilação, indicando como o método teve de ser adequado à complexidade de sucessivas abordagens, resultando em simplificações e incertezas de resultados. Para exemplificar a abordagem apresentam-se alguns resultados de simulações. Ao final, as limitações e potencialidades do método são discutidas com base nas características dos códigos de simulações utilizados, das condições de simulação e da representatividade dos modelos. Palavras-chave: Ventilação natural. Simulação computacional. Projeto arquitetônico. Abstract Natural air ventilation is the most important passive strategy to provide thermal comfort in hot-humid climates, also promoting a reduction in energy consumption

The resonant-mass gravitational wave detector SCHENBERG is a spherical detector that operates with a central frequency close to 3200 Hz and a bandwidth around 200 Hz. It has a spherical mass that works as an antenna whose weight is 1150 kg and is connected to the outer environment by a suspension system designed to attenuate local noise due to seism as well as other sources; the sphere is suspended by its center of mass. When a gravitational wave passes by the detector, the antenna is expected to vibrate. This motion should be monitored by six parametric microwave transducers whose output signals will be digitally analyzed. In order to determine the detector performance better, it is necessary to obtain the vibration frequencies of the sphere with a better precision. To achieve such a goal the sphere with the holes to mount the transducers and the central hole from which the sphere is suspended is simulated in a finite element method program when the gravity is applied to the sphere and the deformation is kept. After that the vibration normal modes of the sphere are calculated and they are compared to the experimental results.

Interferometric gravitational wave detectors (IGWD) are a very complex detector, the need to lock the detector in a dark fringe condition besides the vibrations that affect the mirrors, creates the necessity of using active suspension systems. These active systems make the system reach the desired sensitivity but make the calibration of such detectors much more difficult. To solve this problem a calibrator is proposed, a resonant mass gravitational wave detector could be used to detect the same signal in a narrower band and use the measured amplitude to calibrate the IGWD, as resonant mass gravitational wave detectors are easily calibrated. This work aims to design the mechanical antenna of such a calibrator. The main difficulty is to design the calibrator is the frequencies required to make the detection. These massive detectors usually were made in frequencies close to 1 kHz and the frequency range to operate for better sensitivity is around 100 Hz. The antenna is modelled in finite elements method and a design of such an antenna is presented.

Interferometric gravitational wave detectors (IGWD) are a very complex detector, the need to lock the detector in a dark fringe condition besides the vibrations that affect the mirrors, creates the necessity of using active suspension systems. These active systems make the system reach the desired sensitivity but make the calibration of such detectors much more difficult. To solve this problem a calibrator is proposed, a resonant mass gravitational wave detector could be used to detect the same signal in a narrower band and use the measured amplitude to calibrate the IGWD, as resonant mass gravitational wave detectors are easily calibrated. This work aims to obtain the expected sensitivity of such a calibrator by using lumped modelling in such mechanical detectors. The calibrator is modelled as a spring mass system and the sensitivity curve is presented calculated in by a matlab program. The curve shows that using state of art parameters for the detector the final sensitivity is close to the quantum limit and can be used to calibrate the IGWDs.