Die Teledermatologie hat in den deutschsprachigen Ländern wie auch weltweit einen zunehmenden Stellenwert und bietet aufgrund des hohen Innovationsgrades eine Vorreiter- und Vorbildfunktion für weitere telemedizinische Anwendungen anderer Fachrichtungen. Eine qualitätsgesicherte teledermatologische Behandlung ist in den deutschsprachigen Ländern praktikabel und kann zu einem relevanten Mehrnutzen in der Versorgung führen. Ihr Einsatz ist immer dann in Erwägung zu ziehen, wenn relevante Zusatznutzen für die Patienten ohne relevante Nachteile für sie und für die Versorgenden zu erwarten sind. Für die teledermatologische Behandlung wurden mit dem vorliegenden Konsensuspapier praxisrelevante Maßgaben festgelegt. Etwaige situationsabhängige Limitationen in der Versorgung sind stets zu beachten.
Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, in vivo technique that allows the visualization of subsurface skin structures in the epidermis, at the dermoepidermal junction, and in the upper dermis. Dermoscopy brought a new dimension in evaluating melanocytic skin neoplasms (MSN) also representing a link between clinical and pathologic examination of any MSN. However, histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosing MSN. Dermoscopic–pathologic correlation enhances the level of quality of MSN diagnosis and increases the level of confidence of pathologists. Melanoma is one of the most genetically predisposed among all cancers in humans. The genetic landscape of melanoma has been described in the last years but is still a field in continuous evolution. Melanoma genetic markers play a role not only in melanoma susceptibility, initiation, and progression but also in prognosis and therapeutic decisions. Several studies described the dermoscopic specific criteria and predictors for melanoma and their histopathologic correlates, but only a few studies investigated the correlation among dermoscopy, pathology, and genetic of MSN. The aim of this work is to review the published data about dermoscopic features of melanoma, their histopathological correlates with regards also to genetic alterations. Particularly, this review will focus on low-CSD (cumulative sun damage) melanoma or superficial spreading melanoma, high-CSD melanoma, and nevus-associated melanoma.
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