Objective: To carry out an epidemiological survey of hospital morbidity due to child malnutrition from 2018 to 2021. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study through the collection of data from secondary databases of a time series, through the Hospital Information System of the SUS, made available through the DATASUS portal. Morbidity data due to child malnutrition in Brazil, aged 01 to 09 years, during the period from 2018 to 2021 were included. Results and Discussion: It was found that the Northeast region, followed by the Southeast region, reported the highest cases of child hospitalizations due to malnutrition, showing 1,973 and 1,636 cases respectively. Where, there is a propensity for males with 2,948 notifications, and females with 2,828, being mostly of brown, white and indigenous race, going at odds with what is evidenced in the literature, however, it is enlightening, given the number of underreporting in the databases of data. Regarding the age group, it mostly affects children from 01 to 04 years old, emphasizing the lack of weight and height, linked to the food deficit, which leads to consecutive infections and psychomotor deficiencies in children younger than 60 months. In addition, the findings confirm aspects of influence of social and economic discrepancies, which range from the political, educational, racial and historical complexions of the country, confirming their influence on children's nutrition and quality of life. Conclusion: It is noticed that socioeconomic vulnerability favors the prevalence of cases of child malnutrition, which is considered a public health problem related to sanitary conditions and level of education, common in emerging countries in male children. With this, it is necessary to implement public policies that reduce Food and Nutritional Insecurity and, consequently, malnutrition. Interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary actions are appropriate to maintain the lives of these children.