| In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of Olea europaea (OLE) extracts against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a highly infectious and economically important poultry virus. For this purpose, viral gene expressions of two structural proteins, matrix (M) and fusion (F) of NDV, were monitoring in chicken fibroblast cells and the impact on virus replication was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Additionally, the virus-restriction activities of IFN-β were analyzed by assessing the expression of viral and host genes. In vitro analysis of the NDV replication revealed that treatment of chicken cells with OLE significantly restricted the NDV replication as was measured by haemagglutination (HA) and titration (TCID50) assays in a pre-optimized OLE-mediated cytotoxicity levels (1000ug/ml). Correspondingly, pretreatment of chicken cells with exogenous IFN-β markedly down-regulated viral gene expression, and this regulation was higher than OLE-mediated virus replication. Furthermore, the impact of OLE on NDV was independent of the IFN-β and was confirmed using ELISA. Taken together, findings of this study propose the utilization of OLE as immunoprophylaxis and exploitation of this function to control the ND in poultry and pet birds.

This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus concentrated filtrate on growth of (AMN, REF, RD and HEPG 2) tumor cell lines. The isolate obtained from vaginal swabs and identified according to culture characterictics and biochemical tests. Lb. acidophilus was grown in MRS broth media and incubated anaerobically for 24 hrs., then culture was centrifuged and sterilized by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to three fold, then different concentrations (125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml) were prepared and tested against the four types of tumor cell lines. Results showed that concentrated filtrate of Lb. acidophilus had a significant cytotoxic effect (P≤0.05) against the growth of tumor cells used in this study at the concentrations (125, 250 and 500 µg/ml) when compared with control and the concentration (125 µg/ml) had the highest effect against (AMN, REF, RD and HEPG 2) tumor cell lines which showed growth inhibition percentages (90.40, 81.22, 90.37, 84.41)% respectively while the concentration (1000 µg/ml) displayed a significant effect on the HEPG2 cell line with growth inhibition percentage (35.78%).

Many researches have been made to find antiviral agents from natural sources. Leaf of Olea europaea (OLE) is one of themost important medicinal plants, as it is a well-known source of different phytochemicals. This study was carried out toinvestigate the effect of using Olea europaea leaves extract on the level of viral gene expression (M and F) in Hela cell line byusing the qRT-PCR. Also, we examined the adding of interferon-beta ( IFN-b ) as an antivirus factor and analyzed the expressionof viral and IFN-b genes to identify viral targets for OLE extract. First, we propagated the virus in embryonated chickeneggs and showed to kill embryos in different times intervals (less than 72 hours) with marked sever hemorrhage in infectedembryos, and agglutination activity reflects titer (1024) and 1×10 6.4 (TCID50). Hela cells were cultured and different concentrationof OLE extract was added; cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Gene expression showed that the expression ofthe viral gene was downregulated in the present of OLE extract. Pretreatment with IFN-b downregulated viral gene expressionhigher than the extract, also evaluated the IFN-b concentration by ELISA assay. OLE can be considered as antivirus agent andused this property to help in control Newcastle disease.

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