Objective: Criteria for defi ning 'severe septal deviation' and to describe the clinical profi le of the same.Study: Retrospective study. Materials and methods: Hundred patients who were diagnosed with severe DNS and treated with extracorporeal septoplasty (ECSP) from September 2010 to December 2012, were retrospectively evaluated for this study. A review of their clinical charts formed the basis of this study. Results• In this study, majority of patients (96%) had nasal obstruction as their prime symptom followed by postnasal discharge in 60% cases, headache in 40% cases and anterior nasal discharge in 30% cases. External nasal deformity was reported by 22 patients. Snoring was seen in 24% of patients with same percentage complaining of altered sense of smell and throat discomfort. Epistaxis, sneezing and facial pain were seen in 14% patients. Epiphora was complained by only 8% of patients. • In this study, nasal endoscopy/anterior rhinoscopy was used to type the septal deformity. The commonest septal deviation was C-shaped cephalocaudal (48%), followed by S-shaped cephalocaudal (18%), C-shaped AP (16%), S-shaped AP (12%) and sharp septal deviation/angulation in 6% cases. • All but three patients (6%) had deviated nasal septum involving multiple Cottle's areas. These three patients had sharp septal angulation involving Cottle's area 2 only. • In this study, most common region involving DNS was area 1 + 2 + 3 (48%) followed by area 2 + 4 + 5 (28%) and 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 (18%). • Area 2 was invariably involved in 100% of cases. • NOSE (nasal obstruction symptom evaluation) scores. • Preoperatively, mean NOSE score was 67.60 ± 5.26 (65.34-72.86). • NSS (nasal symptoms score):-Preoperatively, mean NSS was -5.08 ± 0.38 (-5.46--4.70). Conclusion• A septal deviation is regarded as 'severe' if patient satisfi es all of the below-mentioned criteria: -Preoperatively, mean NOSE score should be 65.34 or more. IJHNS RESEARCH ARTICLE

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Aim This study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of hoarseness and the role of conservative (nonsurgical) and surgical modes of intervention. Materials and methods A prospective cohort analysis was carried out in Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Srinagar, in 145 cases of change in voice for 2 years duration. All cases were analyzed for detailed history and pre- and postoperative fiber optic laryngeal examination. The cases were managed by conventional conservative methods or underwent phonosurgery in nonresolving cases. Results Total 145 cases with M:F ratio of 1.37:1 were analyzed. Patients’ age ranged from 5 to 80 years and majority of patients equally presented in 4th and 6th decade and about 75% had duration of hoarseness of more than 3 months. A voice demanding profession was present in 34% of cases. Vocal abuse was the commonest predisposing factor (about 40%) followed by larygopharyngeal reflux disease (26%). Functional voice disorders were found in 15.85% of cases while 62.06% of patients had a definite organic disorder. Conservative treatment (primary) was employed in 103 cases (71%), surgical treatment (primary) in 42 cases (29%) and surgical treatment after failure of conservative was given in 22 cases (15%). How to cite this article Khurshid RS, Khan MA, Ahmad R. Clinical Profile of Hoarseness and its Management Options: A 2 years Prospective Study of 145 Patients. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):23-29.

Objective/Hypothesis: We have tried to present some of our concerns regarding the usually adopted surgical techniques of Myringoplasty with their possible solutions. Also we have tried to present digital recordings of pre and post-operative findings in reference cases, which have been provided rarely in available literature. Pre-and post-operative pictures and videos of two representative cases are attached. Study design: This prospective study was carried out in MMABM hospital. Forty six (46) ears, 37 patients underwent tympanoplasty by the modified dual grafting technique and the results were analysed. Results: Objectives of tympanic membrane repair, dry ear, closure of AB gap, and stoppage of tinnitus if any, were achieved in all cases. Small residual perforations which healed over time were seen in two cases in cartilage deficient areas. Conclusion: Dual graft modified techniques served as an effective alternative myringoplasty technique.

Background: Headache is one of the most common complaints which bring patients to neuropsychiatrists and causes signicant morbidity. Psychiatric disorders have been frequently associated with headache, migraine and tension type headache being predominant. Objective: the objective of our study was to study the prole of patients presenting with headache and to assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in such patients. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken in the psychiatric OPD of Government Medical College, Anantnag.The patients who presented with headache were evaluated by a semi-structured pro forma and psychiatric morbidities assessed by MINI. RESULTS: 315 patients were enrolled over a period of six months, from February 2021 to august 2021. Migraine was the most common type of headache followed by Tension type headache. Females outnumbered males and stress was the most common triggering factor. Psychiatric comorbidity was diagnosed in 30.47% with depression being the most common diagnosis followed by OCD. Conclusion: patients with headache who presented to Psychiatric OPD ,had migraine as the commonest type of headache as is triggered by both emotional and physical stress . Tension type headache was also seen to be triggered predominantly by stress.