Advancement in chemistry holds a great promise in improving drug encapsulation that leads to superior drug delivery efficiency and the therapeutic efficacy of nano/micro-delivery systems. Drugs are being designed to specifically access the infection sites via covalent conjugation to nano/micro-delivery systems. This chapter focuses on techniques for achieving covalent encapsulation of drugs in nano/micro-delivery systems, how conjugation is applied to selectively influence pharmacokinetic profile, intracellular, and extracellular uptake, specific targeting to disease sites, binding to specific receptors, and controlled/sustained release. In addition, the effect of conjugation on drug efficacy and biosafety of the micro/ nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to document medicinal plants used for management of various diseases in Simbo and Ujiji, Kigoma, Tanzania. Structured questionnaires were used to interview the traditional healers on the use of various plants for management of various diseases. Voucher specimens were collected, coded and identification by the Botanist. Previous ethnobotanical literatures were used to compare to the provided information. 54 plant species from 30 families were identified and collected from 5 informants, the family Euphorbiaceae ranked highest (11%) among others. Leaves were the most used plant part and the oral administration predominated. Some of the recorded plants (35.2%) have previously been reported for same use. Study suggests the area as potential site for further ethnopharmacological surveys.