Introduction Patients with lesions of the skull base form a minor but very important subgroup of patients presenting to the ENT surgeon or are referred from other departments with complaints such as headache, nasal discharge and nasal obstruction. This study was done to study the clinical presentation of the patients with lesions of the skull base, assess intra operative findings and complications, and to document post operative clinical course and histopathological reports. Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted on 10 patients with skull base lesions, who were operated on at our institution between August 2014 and August 2015. Patients with clinically and radiologically documented skull base lesions operated by endoscopic methods were included, while those operated on with open methods or those having involvement of the cavernous sinuses and the internal carotid arteries were excluded. Results All patients in the group were successfully operated on with no major intra operative or post operative complications encountered. Adequate tissue was obtained for biopsy with adequate sellar decompression and plugging of CSF leaks was done as required. Conclusion Endoscopic interventions for the skull base lesions can be safely performed in tertiary care set ups with minimal intra operative and post operative morbidity and have a better prognosis than other open procedures.

Background Laryngopharyngeal reflux can be described as even a single episode of reflux of gastric acid peptic contents into the larynx and hypopharynx. A large number of new researches show non-acid reflux to be an important cause of LPR symptoms. The present study explores the role of laryngoscopic findings in predicting the treatment outcomes of empirical PPI therapy for LPR. Methods A total of 143 patients diagnosed clinically with LPR were evaluated by rigid laryngoscopy and classified into 3 groups based on the Belafsky reflux findings score, as normal (0–7), mild to moderate (8–16), and moderate to severe (17–26). Results Twelve out of 39 patients in the normal group, 44 out of 61 patients in the mild to moderate group, and 31 out of 43 patients in the moderate to severe group reported symptomatic improvement after 3 months of PPI therapy and lifestyle modifications. The results were statistically significant. Conclusion Pretherapy laryngoscopic findings can be an important predictor of successful treatment outcomes of empirical PPI therapy for LPR.

Background:The term deep neck space infections (DNSIs) encompasses infections of several different areas of the neck formed by the potential spaces formed by different fascial layers of the neck. The etiology of DNSI include pharyngo-tonsillar infections (most commonly in children), odontogenic infections, sialolithiasis and sialadenitis, congenital anomalies like cysts and sinuses of the neck. Predisposing factors may include Extremes of age, Immunodeciency, Diabetes mellitus and Intravenous drug abuse. The microbiology of deep neck infections usually reveals mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms, often with a predominance of oral ora. Both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms may be cultured. DNSI usually mandate early intervention on an urgent basis because of the risk of potentially fatal complications such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis and vascular complications. Airway assessment and intervention plays a pivotal role in the management of DNSI. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to compare the clinical presentation, complications, treatment outcomes and microbiology of DNSIs in diabetic vs non-diabetic patient populations.The objective is to have a proper understanding of the disease so that a much organized treatment protocol can be established. 70 patients were enrolled for this comparative st Materials and Method: udy in Indoor wards of a Tertiary care centre. The study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 for 1year. Patients diagnosed with DNSI (by imaging studies) and admitted in ward of ENT and Head Neck Surgery were selected. Parapharyngeal Space was mos Results: t common involved space in both Diabetics (52.38%) and Non Diabetics (41.46%), followed by Submandibular Space. Most common organism in both groups was Klebsiella pnemoniae. Odontogenic infection and Upper airway infections were 2 leading causes of DNSI in both Diabetics and Non Diabetics in this study. The Diabetic groups affected had much older age with longer hospital stay and had more frequent complications than Non Diabetic group. Diabetics also needed more frequent tracheostomy (28.57%) than Non Diabetics (2.44%). Diabetic patients as a subgroup Conclusion: of DNSIs pose many unique problems including older age at presentation, involvement of multiple neck spaces, prolonged hospital stay and operative interventions. As these patients have higher rate of complications and poorer prognosis, early institution of therapy, strict glycemic control and operative interventions are more often required.

Introduction Surgery to close the skull base defect is the treatment of choice in persistent spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea with endoscopic endonasal repair being the method of choice.  This study analysed the demographics of presentation, optimal diagnostic and localisation strategies and the effectiveness of transnasal endoscopic treatment strategies  with post-operative follow-up of CSF rhinorrhoea patients in a tertiary care institution   . Materials and Methods  A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 21 CSF rhinorrhoea patients operated on between August 2014 and August 2018 and results documented. Results CSF rhinorrhoea was found most commonly in middle aged female patients in our study. HRCT PNS was capable of identifying a leak site in 66% of the cases. All patients were operated endoscopically with no major intra-operative or post-operative complications. Resolution of CSF leak occurred in 85% of cases. Conclusion CSF rhinorrhoea can be diagnosed and endoscopic repair can be effectively performed in our existing tertiary care set-ups with good results.