Introduction:Breast cancer is the leading oncogenic threat in South-East Asian women showing an inexplicable biological aggressiveness. High expression of cyclin D1, a key molecule in breast cancer pathogenesis, has been shown by previous studies in the Western world to be associated with favorable tumoral characteristics. Apart from determining the correlation between cyclin D1 expression and standard clinicopathological variables in invasive breast cancer in Eastern India, questions that we aimed to answer through this study included: Is there a significant regional difference in expression patterns of this protein? And if yes, can it possibly account for the epidemiological differences in breast cancer occurrence and biological behavior? Finally, is testing for overexpression of this protein in regions with limited resources beneficial?Materials and Methods:The present study was carried out on 110 previously untreated, female patients with primary breast carcinoma. Cyclin D1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry using specific anti-cyclin D1 monoclonal antibodies.Results:Overexpression of cyclin Dl was found in 78 of 110 cases (70.9%). High expression of cyclin D1 showed a significant negative correlation with tumor size (P = 0.023) and tumor grade (P = 0.045). Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positive cases showed a significantly positive correlation with cyclin D1 overexpression (P = 0.026 and 0.046, respectively). Interestingly, cyclin D1 positivity showed a strong correlation with the type of surgical procedure performed (P = 0.002).Conclusion:Cyclin D1 overexpression in breast cancer is associated with less aggressive tumoral characteristics. Furthermore, its potential epidemiological role and utility as a prognostic marker have been discussed.

Synovial hemangioma is a rare, benign disorder of the synovium that have been reported to manifest within joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. The rarity of the condition and its nonspecific symptomatology makes the diagnosis challenging. Awareness of this entity would help to initiate early treatment thereby avoiding permanent joint damage. We report a case of synovial hemangioma of the ankle joint which is an extremely rare location for such a lesion.

Various primary and metastatic malignant lesions can occur in the mediastinum and may cause diagnostic dilemmas in achieving definitive diagnosis. Synovial sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm predominantly affecting soft tissues of the extremities of adolescents and young adults. Its occurrence as a primary neoplasm in mediastinum is rare. Ewing's sarcomas are also rare high grade malignant neoplasms that predominantly affect children and young adults and involve the major long bones, pelvis, and ribs. Primary mediastinal Ewing's sarcoma is extremely rare. We, hereby, present two unusual cases of sarcoma in mediastinum. First case was a 62 year old male patient presented with chest pain and cough. Microscopic examinations of the resected mediastinal tumor showed areas of epithelial differentiation with well-formed glandular spaces intimately admixed with monotonous population of plump spindle-shaped cells confirming the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. Another case of 23 years old male patient presented with chest pain and cough. Microscopic examinations of the mediastinal mass revealed presence of a tumor tissue composed of sheets and nests of small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. Histopathological diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was made. In conclusion, it can be said that mediastinum could be rarest of the rare locations for primary sarcomas -our search for literature also revealed very few cases across the globe which imparts further credence to the true rarity of the neoplasm. Early management by the oncologist may be hindered further owing to diverse differential diagnosis unless surgical pathologists undertake a cautious pragmatic approach.

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernias rank among the commonest of all hernias and surgery is the only denitive treatment. We analysed the outcomes of Desarda tissue based repair in comparison with the standard Lichtenstein tension free mesh repair of primary inguinal hernia. METHODS: A total of 100 patients were randomly allocated into two groups, Desarda (group D) or Lichtenstein (group L) (50 VS 50, respectively). The primary outcome measures were operating time, post-operative pain scores, duration of post- operative hospital stay, time to return to basic physical activity and to work, foreign body sensation, and post- operative complications like seroma , haematoma , wound infection . Secondary outcome measures included chronic groin pain and recurrence during the follow up period . RESULTS: Operative time was signicantly less in the Desarda group (24.3400 ± 5.6518 )min as compared to (30.5200 ± 7.6405 )min in the Lichtenstein group. Postoperative day 1, day 3 and day 7 operative site pain was more in the Lichtenstein as compared to the Desarda group. Basic physical activity( post operative ambulation), chronic groin pain, seroma formation, haematoma formation, foreign body sensation, were also signicantly less in the Desarda group. During 3month follow up, 1 recurrence was detected in each group CONCLUSIONS: The successful primary inguinal hernia repair without use of mesh can be achieved using Desarda tissue based repair. It is as effective as the standard Lichtenstein tension free mesh repair. Shorter operative time, early return to basic physical activity, less chronic groin pain, less foreign body sensation and low postoperative complication are potential benets of Desarda repair and can be preferred for primary inguinal hernia repair