Background: The objective of the research was to evaluate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), association of prenatal and postnatal risk factors, pattern of ROP and treatment outcomes among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of tertiary care center located in Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu.Methods: A retrospective study done in all infants admitted between April 2019 and March 2020 who met the criteria for ROP screening with gestational age (GA) less than or equal to 36 weeks or birth weight less than 2000 grams or with GA more than 36 weeks and birth weight more than 2000 gram with significant risk factors like intrauterine growth restriction, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, long term oxygen use, phototherapy, blood transfusion and maternal anemia. Treatment was offered to infants with stage 3 ROP and stage 2 in zone 2 with or without plus disease. Qualified infants were treated with argon laser photocoagulation within 72 hours of diagnosis. They were followed until the disease was successfully treated.Results: Out of total 3121 neonates, 717 neonates met the screening criteria. Incidence of ROP was found to be 33% (n=237). 46.4% (n=110) of ROP belongs to 32-36 weeks GA. 42.6% (n=101) of ROP belongs to 1500-2000 gm birth weight.Conclusions: Incidence of ROP is quite high in high risk neonates in our unit. Significant risk factors are long term oxygen use, blood transfusion and sepsis.

Background: The current study is focused on assessing the liver involvement of severely birth asphyxiated newborns, by measuring liver enzymes like Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) to predict the outcome of those babies. Methods: Total 111 severely birth asphyxiated newborns were assessed in a hospital based prospective analytical study. Liver enzymes were measured for all babies included in the study. Study subject details were obtained through a pre-structured questionnaire and also morbidity and mortality were noted. Analysis of the research data was done through appropriate statistical methods using SPSS version 20.Results: It was observed that incidence of hypoxic ischemic hepatitis, among entire study population was 34.2% (38 cases) based on SGPT (>100 U/l) values. Current study findings indicated that incidence of hypoxic ischemic hepatitis had a positive correlation with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) staging. Mean SGOT, SGPT values were observed to increase as the HIE staging progressed. Based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient evaluation, it was determined that the elevated SGOT and SGPT values had moderate positive correlation with HIE, seizure, ventilator support and death in the study population. It was found from the present study findings that statistically significant mortality (77.4%) was observed among the HIE stage III babies, with elevated SGPT values.Conclusions: Current study findings revealed that elevated SGOT and SGPT values (more than twice the normal) has high sensitivity to predict the outcome in severely birth asphyxiated newborns. The stated parameters can prove to be effective in counselling parents regarding morbidity and mortality of neonates due to birth asphyxia.