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A notion of Quadripartitioned Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets (QSVNS) is introduced and a theoretical study on various set-theoretic operations on them has been carried out. The definitions of distance, similarity measure and entropy have been proposed. Finally an application of the proposed similarity measure in a problem pertaining to pattern recognition has been shown.

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Herein we disclose a series of phosphine-free cobalt(II)-based catalytic systems bearing a redox non-innocent amine functionalized azo-aromatic pincer-like ligand for the synthesis of quinoline by dehydrogenative oxidation of 2-amino benzyl alcohol and subsequent coupling with a ketone. All the precatalysts were characterized thoroughly using various spectroscopic techniques and DFT studies. The catalytic protocol was efficient and versatile, providing major advances in the catalytic synthesis of quinoline. It was also found to be applicable to the gram-scale synthesis of quinolines as well. Several control experiments, kinetic studies, and spectroscopic studies have proposed a plausible reaction mechanism where the redox non-innocent azo-pyridine moiety acts to activate the α-C–H bond of alcohol and the subsequent Co(II) → Co(I) reduction leads to the formation of aldehyde. The generated aldehyde undergoes a base-catalyzed C–C bond formation reaction to result in the quinolines. The redox potential of the non-innocent azo-pyridine moiety controls the efficiency of the precatalysts. Thus, complex 3 with the most anodic reduction potential of the azo-pyridine moiety was found to be the best precatalyst among complexes 1–4.

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