Background:Inguinal lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor in penile cancer. Inguinal lymph node dissection allows staging and treatment of inguinal nodal disease. However, it causes morbidity and is associated with complications such as lymphocele, skin loss, and infection.Aims:To report our institutional experience with video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) for radical management of inguinal nodes in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods:It is a prospective analysis of data of patients that underwent VEIL, by a single surgeon, from 2008 to 2015. 14 patients of penile carcinoma were suitable for VEIL technique were included in this study and followed. Data analyzed included mean operative time, mean lymph node yield, intraoperative complications, cutaneous complication, lymph-related complications, and surgical emphysema.Results:The mean age of patients was 57.8 years (range: 45–70 years). Mean operative time for VEIL was 194.86 min (178–210 min). Mean lymph node yield was 7.68 (range: 5–11 nodes). No intraoperative complication was experienced during series. We noted no cutaneous complications, localized lymphocele were seen in total 6 units out of 22 units (27.2%). Surgical emphysema is seen in 3 limbs (13.63%). There was significantly decreased overall morbidity in our study. Follow-up of 10 out of 14 patients with median of 48 months shows no recurrence.Conclusions:In our early experience, VEIL is a safe and feasible technique in patients with penile carcinoma who require radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. It allows the removal of inguinal lymph nodes within the same limits as in conventional surgical dissection and reduces surgical morbidity substantially.

Idiopathic chronic orchialgia remains a difficult condition to manage. If surgery is considered, microsurgical denervation of spermatic cord should be considered as a first surgical approach to get rid of pain and sparing the testicle.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been postulated to be associated with hypercoagulability, leading to thromboembolism in major blood vessels. There are also increasing reports of invasive fungal infections in COVID-19 patients. We report a unique case of mucormycosis associated with renal artery thrombosis leading to renal infarction and nephrectomy in a COVID-19 patient. This is the first such reported case to our knowledge.

Objective: A local anaesthetic with fast onset, short and reliable duration of anaesthesia may be preferable for day care urological surgeries. Low dose lignocaine is believed to act faster and to have a shorter duration of action than low dose bupivacaine. Use of lignocaine for spinal anesthesia is discouraged now a days because of rare reports of transient neurological symptoms. The purpose of this study was to compare effectiveness and safety of low dose of lignocaine + butorphanol against low dose of bupivacaine for day care urological surgeries. Material and methods:A prospective randomized control trial was conducted between December 2012 to November 2015. After taking ethical committe approval and patient consent, total 990 patients were randomized in two groups. Group A received 0.5 mL of 5% lignocaine (25 mg) + 0.3 mL butorphanol (0.3 mg) and group B received 1 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine (5 mg) for spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was given at the L3-L4 interspace with the patient in the sitting or lateral position. The criteria for evaluation were time till onset of sensory and motor block, duration of sensory and motor block, time till ambulation, time till fit for discharge and any complications. Results:Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, male to female ratio, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade and duration surgery. Group A and Group B were statistically different in terms of mean time till onset of sensory block (120±22 sec and 274±36 sec), onset of motor block (228±34 sec and 372±41 sec), duration of sensory block (100±21 min and 230±28 min), duration of motor block (60±15 min and 152±23 min), time till ambulation (138±24 min and 292±48 min), time till fit for discharge (256±35 min and 428±46 min) respectively (<0.0001). Nausea, vomitings, hypotension, bradycarida and pruritis were less in group A compared to group B (<0.01). None of patient in any group had temporary or permanent neurological defecit. Conclusion:Spinal anaesthesia is an effective as well as a safe modality to anaesthetize the patient for day care urological procedures. This study shows lignocaine + butorphanol is preferable over bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia for day care urological procedures. It also favours day care surgery at remote areas with lesser medical facilities. It helps to minimize requirement of medical and paramedical staff, thus further extending scope of day care urological surgeries.

INTRODUCTIONUrolithiasis is common, with the lifetime risk exceeding 12% in men and 6% in women. The prevalence appears to have increased in recent years. In addition, many patients have recurrent stones, with an estimated rate of 30% to 40% within 5 years.1 The incidence, prevalence and recurrence of urolithiasis are very high; especially in the north-western part of India.2 Stone disease not only affects the patient, but also the national economy, as the disease is prevalent in the productive age group.2 Hence, there is need for an investigation with high diagnostic accuracy, less radiation hazards and financial acceptability in the context of a developing country. Ultrasonography (US) is an attractive investigation because of the universal availability; it is less expensive, non-invasive with lack of ionizing radiation. There are limitations to Ultrasound; this is due to its image obscuration due to underlying bowel loops and bony structures.3 Multiple studies have demonstrated decreased sensitivity and specificity of US compared with CT for detection of both renal and ureteral calculi. This is particularly true for small (<5mm) stones. 4 Density of stone is important for planning the treatment modality. ABSTRACT Background:The incidence, prevalence and recurrence of urolithiasis are very high; especially in the north-western part of India. Ultrasonography has decreased sensitivity and specificity as compared with NCCT for detection of both renal and ureteral calculi. Drawbacks of NCCT in terms of radiation exposure, cost and repeatability can be overcome by Low dose NCCT protocols. Low dose NCCT can be an investigation with high diagnostic accuracy, less radiation hazards and financial acceptability. Aim of this study was to evaluate use of Low dose CT-KUB over ultrasound (US) for diagnosis of urolithiasis, in Indian scenario. Methods: This is a prospective study, at Tertiary Care Hospital. Patients with acute flank pain, who underwent both US and Low dose NCCT within an interval of 24 hours, at Tertiary Care Hospital. Helical CT scanner (Phillips 128 slice medical systems) with exposure factors setting of KVp 120 and mAs 70 was used. Results: A total of 136 Patients with mean age of 33.01 years (range 19-62 years, SD 10.93), were examined with 82(60.29%) males and 54(39.7%) females, average BMI was 25.07(range 17.2 to 35.02). Low Dose NCCT has a sensitivity of 95% (CI of 89.43-98.14%) and specificity of 87.50% (95% CI of 61.65-98.45%) in the diagnosis of urolithiasis. Mean effective dose of radiation administered in low dose CT-KUB was 1.8-2.2 mSv. Conclusions: In view of information, reliability, repeatability, radiation exposure and cost acceptability; unenhanced Low dose CT-KUB region should be the preferred investigation for the management of urolithiasis, in the scenario of a developing country.