In this review, we describe and discuss the phytoconstituents present in Hedychium species and emphasize their potential as drug candidates. Though they are widely validated in vitro and in vivo models, to date, no efforts have been made to compile in a single review all the pharmacologically active phytoconstituents from Hedychium species, and their pharmacological and toxicity profile. In this study, we present a reinvestigation of the chemical constituents present in Hedychium species obtained from the essential oil and solvent extraction of the flowers, leaves and rhizomes under consideration. Key databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar amongst others were probed for a systematic search using keywords to retrieve relevant publications on this plant. An exhaustive electronic survey of the related literature on Hedychium species resulted in around 200 articles. Articles published between the years 1975–2021 were included. The studies conducted on either crude extracts, solvent fractions or isolated pure compounds from Hedychium species reported with a varied range of biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, potentially anti-asthmatic, and cytotoxic, among other related activities of the chemical constituents present in its essential oil and solvent extract deployed in this review. Traditional and herbal medication around the world that uses different parts of Hedychium species were considered for anti-inflammatory, skincare, analgesic, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, antidotal uses, among others. These uses support the idea that chemical constituents obtained from solvent extraction may also exert the same action individually or in a synergistic manner. The review concluded that there is scope for computation and biological study to find out possible new targets for strengthening the potency and selectivity of the relevant compounds, and to find a commercial method for extraction of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death for people worldwide, in addition to the rise in mortality rates attributed to the Covid epidemic. This allows scientists to do additional research. Here, we have selected Integerrimide A, cordy heptapeptide, and Oligotetrapeptide as the three cyclic proteins that will be further studied and investigated in this context. Method: Docking research was carried out using the protein complexes 1FKB and 1YET, downloaded from the PDB database and used in the docking investigations. Cyclopeptides have been reported to bind molecularly to human HSP90 (Heat shock protein) and FK506. It was possible to locate HSP90 in Protein Data Banks 1YET and 1FKB. HSP90 was retrieved from Protein Data Bank 1YET and 1FKB. Based on these findings, it is possible that the anticancer effects of Int A, Cordy, and Oligo substances could be due to their ability to inhibit the mTOR rapamycin binding domain and the HSP90 Geldanamycin binding domain via the mTOR and mTOR chaperone pathways. During the calculation, there were three stages: system development, energy reduction, and molecular dynamics (also known as molecular dynamics). Each of the three compounds demonstrated a binding affinity for mTOR's Rapamycin binding site that ranged from -6.80 to -9.20 Kcal/mol (FKB12). Results: An inhibition constant Ki of 181.05 nM characterized Cordy A with the highest binding affinity (-9.20 Kcal/mol). Among the three tested compounds, Cordy A was selected for MD simulation. HCT116 and B16F10 cell lines were used to test each compound's anticancer efficacy. Doxorubicin was used as a standard drug. The cytotoxic activity of substances Int A, Cordy A, and Oligo on HCT116 cell lines was found to be 77.65 μM, 145.36 μM, and 175.54 μM when compared to Doxorubicin 48.63 μM, similarly utilizing B16F10 cell lines was found to be 68.63 μM, 127.63 μM, and 139.11 μM to Doxorubicin 45.25 μM. Conclusion: Compound Cordy A was more effective than any other cyclic peptides tested in this investigation.