Objectives: Whilst caution in the use of small diameter (≤ 3.5mm) implants has been advocated in view of an increased risk of fatigue fracture under clinical loading conditions, a variety of implant designs with diameters < 3mm are currently offered to the market for reconstructions including fixed restorations.There is an absence of reported laboratory studies and randomized controlled clinical trials to demonstrate clinical efficacy for implant designs with small diameters. This laboratory study aimed to provide comparative data on the mechanical performance of a number of narrow commercially marketed implants. Materials and methods: Conclusions:The diameters of the commercially available implants tested had a major impact on their ability to withstand load, with those below 3mm diameter yielding results significantly below a value representing a risk of fracture in clinical practice. The results therefore support caution when considering the applicability of implants ≤ 3mm diameter for single tooth and FPD restorations. Standardized fatigue testing reports for commercially available implants is recommended.

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Randomised controlled trials of treatment interventions of dental implant surgery and prosthodontics published between 2004 and 2008 are poorly reported and, by themselves, provide little unbiased evidence to support the clinical decisions that we make.

Summary. An in vitro study was performed to assess the depth of penetration of a fissure sealant after cleaning the occlusal surfaces with an air‐polishing unit, and to compare the results with those obtained after cleaning with pumice and water and after no cleaning. Forty‐six clinically non‐carious premolars and permanent molars were randomly distributed into three groups. Following cleaning, etching and fissure sealing, the teeth were sectioned. Each section was examined under a light reflecting microscope and the depth of resin penetration was determined. Fissure cleaning with an air‐polishing unit produced a statistically significant increase in depth of penetration of sealant resin, and its use as a standard cleaning method before fissure sealing is recommended. Résumé. Le but de cette étude in vitro a été de mesurer la profondeur de pénétration d'un sealant pour fissures après nettoyage des surfaces occlusals par un systéme de polissage par air, après nettoyage avec de l'eau et de la poudre de pierre ponce et sans nettoyage 46 prémolaires et molaires permanentes non cariées cliniquement ont été distribuées au hasard en trois groupes. Aprés nettoyage etching et scellement des sillons, les dents ont été sectionées. Ohque coupe a été examinée au microscope et la profondeur de pénétration de la résine a été notée. Le nettoyage par un systéme de polissage par air a augmenté de façon significative la profondeur de pénétration de la résine de scellement. Son utilisation est donc recommandée avant les scellements de sillons. Zusammenfassung. Eine in Vitro‐Studie wurde angesetzt zur Beurteilung der Penetrationstiefe eines Fissurenversieglers nach der Reinigung der Okklussionsflächen mit einer Luftpolier‐Einrichtung. Die gefundenen Resultate wurden verglichen mit denjenigen welche erreicht wurden nach einer Reinigung mit Birnstein und Wasser und denjenigen ohne Reinigung. 46 klinisch kariesfreie Molaren und Prämolaren wurden in 3 Gruppen verteilt. Nach der Reinigung, dem Aetzen und dem Versiegeln wurden Schliffe angefertigt. Jeder Schliff wurde mit einem lichtreflektierenden Mikroskop untersucht und die Tiefe des eingedrungenen Kunststoffes gemessen. Die Fissurenreinigung mit dem Luftpolierer ergab eine statistisch signifikant grössere Tiefe des Versieglers. Deshalb ist diese Reinigungsmethode zu befürworten. Resumen. Se realizó un estudio in vitro para determinar la profundidad de la penetración de un sellante de fisuras despues de limpiar las superficies con una unidad de aire abrasivo y comparar los resultados con los obtenidos despues de la limpieza con piedra pómez y despues de no realizar ninguna limpieza. Un total de 46 premolares y molares clínicamente no cariados fueron distribuídos en tres grupos. Despues de la limpieza, se realizó el grabado ácido, se colocó el sellante y los dientes fueron seccionados. Cada sección fue examinada con un microscopio de luz y la profundidad de la penetración de la resina determinada. La limpieza de las fisuras con aire abrasivo permitió una mayor penetración de la resina e...

Sixteen cases of external hydrocephalus (EH) were seen from January 1993 to June 1995. There were 13 (81.3 per cent) male and three female children. Fourteen (87.5 per cent) were under 12 months of age. Three siblings with EH were seen in one family. All but three of the 16 recovered over time without medical or surgical intervention. These three needed cerebral decongestants in the acute phase.