BACKGROUND The most common causes of the acute abdomen are acute appendicitis which may be perforated, typhoid ileal perforation, acute intestinal obstruction, gastroduodenal perforations, nonspecific abdominal pain, abdominal injuries, and acute cholecystitis. A summary of all the acute complications taken together will be the fact that all are associated with post-surgical complications. A sincere effort has been made to study the post-operative complications that a surgeon encounters while treating the acute abdomen cases. This study is intended to help the practising surgeons who deal with such complications. It also is intended to help the doctors who practice to identify such complications and thus refer the patients for immediate intervention. METHODS This study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Nizamabad, Telangana. This study was done from June 2013 to May 2016. One hundred sixty patients who were admitted in the hospital after surgery for acute abdominal conditions were considered for the study. Thorough clinical examination was conducted and the complications that were encountered were noted and the complications were treated as per the need of the hour. The complications faced by the treating surgeon in each and every entity that was discussed earlier was duly noted and statistical analysis was conducted. All the statistical analysis was done using the latest SPSS software 2015 (California). RESULT In our study, the mean age of the study population was found to be 29.8 years. That means the majority of the patients who turn up in the Department of Emergency is young and generally in the third decade of life. In Acute Intestinal Obstruction and blunt abdominal injuries, significance of mortality is high (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The study was successful in proving that abdominal injuries are the main factors of causing morbidity and mortality in the younger generation. The surgical mode of treatment is the only remedy and the General Surgeon who takes up these kinds of cases should be prepared to face the postoperative complications. It is not easy to treat these kind of cases and it is an uphill task for any practising surgeon.

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections are common causes of both community acquired and nosocomial infections in adult patients admitted in the hospitals. Urinary tract infections can be defined as the presence of pathogenic bacteria in significant colony count in the bladder of upper urinary tract with its associated consequences. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a term used to designate urinary tract infections in the absence of symptoms with the growth of bacteria colonies often crossing 1,00,000/mL in a freshly voided midstream urine sample. Urethritis and cystitis are characterised by the inflammation of the urethra and bladder with symptoms of dysuria, frequency and lower pubic pain and it is associated with fever. Acute pyelonephritis is the bacterial infection of renal parenchyma and it is characterised by fever with rigors, flank pain, vomiting, costovertebral tenderness with or without symptoms of cystitis. It may be associated with pus formation. Prostatitis is quiet common and it involves infective inflammation of the prostate associated with dysuria, urgency, frequency and pain in the lower abdomen, perineum, or base of the penis. A sincere effort has been made towards this study on pathogenesis and its sensitivity pattern in UTI. METHODS One hundred cases who visited the Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Nizamabad were used as the sample size of the study. The plethora of the signs and symptoms which were seen were noted and the mid catch of the urine was done and sent to the Department of Microbiology for the pathogens to be identified. The sensitivity pattern was also studied and reported. The study was done from October 2012 to November 2013. RESULT The most common pathogen was E. coli and the most sensitivity of the commonest pathogen (E. coli) was found to be towards Nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION In this study, the most common pathogens which causes the UTI and the sensitivity pattern has been reported. The study is intended to help the practising surgeons, urologists and nephrologists to understand the common UTI causing pathogens and the sensitivity patterns. There might be a geographical variation and the study may form a base for further studies in different locations so that the study can actually help in all parts of the country without any doubts.

BACKGROUNDIn cases of a pathological state, there might be a low formation of the albumin in liver or high degradation of the albumin. In either of the ways, the serum albumin will be lowered. Stress and strain is also known to cause hypoalbuminemia i.e. low serum level of albumin. Since albumin is a protein, it has to be transcribed from the genes and studies have shown that TNF-alpha supresses this transcription process. The TNF-alpha is known to increase in any inflammation and thus forms a cascade. In case of hospitalised patients, the stress and strain in pre-surgical patients and chronically hospitalised patients, the serum albumin levels are known to be less than normal. In chronically hospitalised patients, the nutritional cause can also be taken into consideration for lower serum albumin levels. Early detection of these low levels of serum albumin levels helps the surgeons and the physicians to intervene and thus cut off the progression of the disease. A sincere effort has been made in this study to understand the relations of the serum albumin level and its effects on the prognosis of the disease and outcome of the surgery if the patient is undergoing any. This study is intended to help the physician, surgeon, and general practitioners to understand and intervene in the event and thus help the patient to recover earlier and in a better way.

BACKGROUND Ulcer can be defined as discontinuity of the skin or mucous membrane which occurs due to microscopic death of the tissues. Anywhere in the body the ulcers are known to occur provided it has been covered by an epithelium. Ulcers can be classified based on the pathology or on the clinical features. No matter what kind of the ulcer is encountered the guidelines should be followed. The chances of developing venous ulcerations in a lifetime are around one percent. This study puts in a sincere effort to study the clinical and surgical management of different types of ulcers. This study is intended to help the practising surgeons to help them understand the clinical and surgical management of ulcers and also take necessary interventional actions as early as possible.

BACKGROUNDDiabetes Mellitus is not a disease, but can be considered as a metabolic syndrome in which not only the sugar metabolism is impaired, but also is said to have profound effects or influence on other metabolic disorders. Almost, all the metabolic pathways will be affected in this dreadful disease. It's a slow poison, which starts showing its effects as the time progresses. One of the commonest complaint seen in the diabetes patients is the loss of libido or derangement in the sexual physiology. The most common complaints include the erectile dysfunction and mood elevations. The patients also complain of stressfulness. These symptoms point out towards a common source i.e. decrease in the testosterone levels. A sincere effort has been put in this study to understand the relations of total serum testosterone seen in diabetes mellitus patients. This may help the physicians, operating surgeons, and also anaesthetists to understand the plethora of metabolic disturbances seen in the diabetes mellitus and take necessary steps to correct such conditions and also take necessary preventive members that may result in catastrophe.