INTRODUCTION : H. pylori is a gastric pathogen that colonizes approximately 50%-60% of the world's population. Infection with H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal, gastric ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. This study is undertaken to determine the clinical and pathological profile of gastric carcinoma in our institute and to find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in gastric carcinoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS :We conducted our study in the Department of Surgery, Dr. B. R. A. M. Hospital, Raipur, C.G. over a period of 18 months. It was a hospital based, cross-sectional observational study. During upper GI endoscopy, site of the lesion and macroscopic type of the lesions were identified and recorded. Multiple tissue biopsy samples (>10) were collected from non-necrosed region of cancer. One piece of each paired specimen were immediately subjected to RapidUrease Test dry kit (RUT) for detection of Helicobacter pylori. Further these biopsy specimens were subjected to modified giemsa staining and culture. RESULTS : Out of the 70 cases of gastric carcinoma, the prevalence of H.pylori was 64.28% . The most common age group associated with gastric carcinoma with H.pylori infection was more than 60 years. There was male predominance seen for both gastric carcinoma and gastric carcinoma positive for H.pylori infection. The most common lesion for gastric carcinoma and those positive for H.pylori was ulceroproliferative type. The most common site of stomach involved in cases of Gastric carcinoma associated with H.pylori infection was antrum+pylorus of stomach. The most common histological type of gastric carcinoma associated with H.pylori infection was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma CONCLUSION : On the basis of our study it is evident that H.pylori is an independent risk factor for gastric carcinoma. .Infection with H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal, gastric ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma.

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Background: Childhood constipation is a common problem that has been difficult to define because it may comprise of diverse symptoms, from delay or difficulty in defecation sufficient to cause significant distress, to symptoms of faecal incontinence, displaying of retentive posturing and withholding behaviour to painful defecation and passing of stools so large that they may obstruct the toilet. Knowledge of common etiology of constipation and characteristic presentation may help us in initial management of patient without subjecting them to armour of investigation. Results: Mean age at presentation was found overall to be 54.49±10.85 months. Presentation of constipation in boys and girls (44% vs 56% in functional and 54% vs 46% in organic). Of the organic causes Hirschsprung's disease was the commonest diagnosis made (63%). Other organic causes were Rectal stenosis with anteriorly placed anal canal (1.2%), rectal prolapsed (1.2%), anal fissure (1.2%) and associated with dysgerminoma in pelvic cavity in one case. Conclusions: Assessment and management of pediatric constipation poses many challenges for the practitioner including deciphering whether the problem is organic or non-organic in nature.

The blunt trauma to the abdomen is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in India and also worldwide. The young and productive age group are the main victims. The common causes of blunt injury to the abdomen are road traffic accidents, assault, fall from height and work-related injuries. Abdominal trauma is present in 7-10% of all trauma victims and in cases of severe trauma, it is often associated with orthopedic, thoracic or central nervous system injuries. Identification of serious intra-abdominal injuries is often challenging. Thus, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is mandatory. The diagnostic laparoscopy has gained widespread acceptance as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma. When the imaging techniques fail to give the precise diagnosis, diagnostic laparoscopy is a viable alternative for the management of such trauma. This case series consisted of 22 patients admitted to our institute. All the patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. The blunt trauma managed by laparoscopy while 12 patients required conversion to exploratory laparotomy. It was observed that the most common organ injured was spleen in 10 patients (45.4%), liver in 9 patients (40.9%), mesenteric injury in 4 patients (18.1%) and small bowel injury in 3 patients (13.6%) respectively. Diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy is a preferred in hemodynamically stable patients, it reduces the hospital stay and postoperative complications. This case series underlines the importance of diagnostic and therapeutic application of laparoscopy in the victims of blunt injury abdomen.