Background: India is currently in the grip of an explosive epidemic of type 2 diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that by 2030, 8.4% of the adult population will have diabetes in India, which already is the world’s diabetes capital. Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS) is a cost effective and simple method for mass screening at community level. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of risk factors of diabetes among rural adults of Amdanga, West Bengal and to study the socio-demographic correlates of higher risk.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in Amdanga, North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal from 1st August 2019 to 30 th September 2019 among 104 adult population on risk status for type 2 diabetes mellitus using IDRS. Interview was conducted using pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version.Results: Out of 104 study subjects, 9.6% study subjects were not at risk of having diabetes, 45.2% were at moderate risk and 45.2% were at high risk of having diabetes. Marital status, hypertension, outside food intake, exercise and strenuous activity were significantly associated with the risk of diabetes.Conclusions: Majority of the adult population were at moderate and high risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hence screening is of utmost importance so that interventions can be initiated at an early stage and change of lifestyle should be initiated as soon as possible to delay the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Chronic disease is a common public health problem worldwide. Adherence to long-term treatment is a key determinant of therapeutic success in patients with chronic diseases. Aim & Objective: The purpose of the study was to know the people’s attitude towards intake of drug, medication adherence and their relationship with socio demographic profile. Settings and Design: Data were collected from 729 individuals chronic disease sufferers chosen randomly from all 81 villages of Amdanga Block West Bengal through a household-based survey in a cross- sectional design. Methods and Material: A pre designed, pre tested, semi structured schedule containing socio-demographic profile and attitude among the respondents regarding adherence to long-term treatment. Statistical analysis used: To compare Attitude scores among different groups, median (IQR) attitude score was calculated and compared with Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test to know the level of significance of variables. p–value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Attitude towards long-term adherence to treatment to chronic diseases were significantly associated to caste (p=0.043), education (p=0.001) and occupation (p=0.001) of the study subject. Conclusions: Attitude towards long-term adherence to treatment to chronic diseases were significantly associated to caste, education and occupation.

Background Maharashtra has the largest share of urban population in India (13.5%) and is home to the largest slums. Malnutrition rates in these settlements are very high due to insufficient feeding, poverty, poor water quality and sanitation. The Foundation for Mother and Child Health (FMCH) has been working on reducing malnutrition in the urban slums of Mumbai for about 14 years now. Longitudinal data (2014-2019) collected by them was used in this analysis. Objectives To analyze the nutritional status of children before and after the intervention of FMCH and identify underlying factors associated with positive deviance in them. Methods NFHS-4 urban data of the lowest wealth quintile was used to analyze nutritional status of urban poor in India. Primary data of 4634 children (age 0-5) from the slums of Mumbai was analyzed for nutritional status during baseline and end line using ENA software. Descriptive statistical methods and binary logistic regression model were applied on selected 1583 cases using SPSS. Results Malnutrition rates in these children were lesser than national averages until 2 years of age. From baseline to end line, 48% reduction was observed in wasting within the first 6 months of age. Binary logistic regression reveals that age at registration (Odds ratio, OR = 0.94, p-value=0.04) and area of residence (p-value=0.00) are two most significant factors contributing to positive deviance in the child's nutritional status. Another univariate logistic regression on categorized breastfeeding score reveals that a higher score results in higher odds (OR = 1.561, p-value=0.01) of positive deviance in nutritional status of the child. Conclusions Since the strategy in each area is different, the most successful strategy is thus identified. The importance of early identification and intervention for effective tackling of malnutrition is highlighted through this analysis. Also, the role of effective breastfeeding techniques has emerged to be extremely significant. Key messages Impacting over 4000 children, the right nutrition in the first 1000 days and regular monitoring resulted in almost 50% reduction in wasting. Effective breastfeeding techniques were found to be extremely significant in the improvement of child's nutritional status.

Background: The Government of India by National Health Policy 2017 has set the target of relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use by 15% and 30% by 2020 and 2025 respectively. The Union health ministry had notified to mandatory display new health warnings to be covering 85% of the principal display area on all tobacco products (1 April 2016).Methods: This was an observational descriptive study with cross sectional in design carried out at Baghbazar slum in Kolkata with objective to study the smoking pattern, knowledge about health warning symbols (HWS) on tobacco products among the study population and to assess their motivation to quit and influence of HWS on their motivation. A total 66 smokers were interviewed using predesigned and pre tested questionnaire and analysis done using SPSS version 1.Results: About 83.3% study subjects were presently smoking and they were smoking daily, about 10 cigarette and bidi was smoked daily (median) and median duration without smoking was 1 month. About 63.6% study subjects were highly motivated to quit smoking. Health warning was definitely motivating them to quit smoking (p=0.01) but it was not resulting in actual quitting smoking (p=1.000). The main reason for motivation for quitting smoking was self-health related factor (84.6%).Conclusions: Health warning on cigarette packets increased the awareness about ill effects of smoking and motivated the smokers to quit smoking but not compelling them to quit smoking. Mostly those who were motivated to quit smoking were actually thinking about quitting due to other reasons.