Background: To assess the cardiac functions in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods: 150 patients with CKD were randomly selected. 12 lead ECG were performed to detect CVD. All Patients were diagnosed with CKD. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) were taken as measures of LV systolic function. Diastolic function was determined by measuring early to late peak velocities (E/A) ratio by spectral Doppler LV inflow velocity. Results: Male: female 95 and 55, hypertension 67% was leading cause of CKD. Diastolic dysfunction as denoted by E/A ratio of less than 0.75 or more than 1.8 was present in 64% of patients. Regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) was present in 14%. LVH was present in 74%. Systolic dysfunction as measured by reduced fractional shortening (<25%) and decreased LVEF (<52%) was present in 8% and 12% respectively. PE was noted in 15% of patients. Valvular calcification in 8% of CKD patients. Mean LV internal diameter in diastole was 41±6 mm. Mean Interventricular septum diameters in systole was11.9±1.21 mm. Mean LA diameter was 29±4 mm. Statistically significant difference was noted in LVH and E/A ratio in hypertensive group as compared to normotensive group.Conclusions: LV diastolic dysfunction also happens in patients who having the early stage of CKD. Hypertensive patients along with CKD had found higher widespread presence of diastolic and systolic dysfunction as compared to normotensive.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder portrayed by chronic hyperglycemia bringing about intricacies influencing the peripheral nerves, kidneys, eyes, and macrovascular structures. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is also considered to impact the advancement of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus which has been looked for in this study. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (1) To study association of MPV with Nephropathy and Retinopathy in Diabetes. (2) To Study correlation of MPV with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, and body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted over 18 months period on patients (both males and females) seeking medical attention for newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed DM. Selective sampling technique was used and 200 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study during the study period. Results: (1) The incidence of retinopathy and increased Hba1c was significantly higher in poorly controlled diabetics as compared to controlled diabetics. (2) In good glycemic control group, mean MPV was 8.58 fL and, in poor glycemic control group, mean MPV was 10.21 fL. Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between MPV and HbA1C, microalbuminuria, BMI, fasting, and post-prandial blood sugar levels. There was no significant association between MPV and retinopathy.

BACKGROUND: Post myocardial infarction arrhythmias can very commonly lead to death. Hence we studied the various arrhythmias arisingwithintherst24hours ofmyocardialinfarction. METHODS: Myocardial infarction was conrmed with detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and 12 lead electrocardiogram. 50 patients who presented within 1 hour of onset ofsymptoms were included in study. Patients' cardiac rhythm was monitored for at least 72 hours in intensive coronary care unit. RESULTS:IncidenceofvariousTachyarrhythmiaswere: 1. Ventriculartachycardia (8%), 2. AtrialFibrillation(4%), 3. Supraventriculartachycardia (2%). 4. Ventricularbrillationwas notobserved. CONCLUSION:Arrhythmias carrying very high mortality were complete heart block, bilateral bundle branch block and right bundle branch block. Arrhythmiaswithanteriorwallinfarctioncarriedbadprognosiswhile arrhythmiaswithinferiorwallinfarctionhadgoodprognosis.