An intelligent ecosystem with real-time wireless technology is now playing a key role in meeting the sustainability requirements set by the United Nations. Dairy cattle are a major source of milk production all over the world. To meet the food demand of the growing population with maximum productivity, it is necessary for dairy farmers to adopt real-time monitoring technologies. In this study, we will be exploring and assimilating the limitless possibilities for technological interventions in dairy cattle to drastically improve their ecosystem. Intelligent systems for sensing, monitoring, and methods for analysis to be used in applications such as animal health monitoring, animal location tracking, milk quality, and supply chain, feed monitoring and safety, etc., have been discussed briefly. Furthermore, generalized architecture has been proposed that can be directly applied in the future for breakthroughs in research and development linked to data gathering and the processing of applications through edge devices, robots, drones, and blockchain for building intelligent ecosystems. In addition, the article discusses the possibilities and challenges of implementing previous techniques for different activities in dairy cattle. High computing power-based wearable devices, renewable energy harvesting, drone-based furious animal attack detection, and blockchain with IoT assisted systems for the milk supply chain are the vital recommendations addressed in this study for the effective implementation of the intelligent ecosystem in dairy cattle.

and methods. Nanoparticles are thought to be the smallest objects that may operate as a single entity, displaying novel behaviors and characteristics. [2] Since nanoparticles have a larger surface area and mass transfer rates than big particles (of the same composition), they seem to have higher biological and chemical activity, penetrability, catalytic behavior, enzymatic reactivity, and quantum characteristics. [3] The dimensions, construction, and properties of nanomaterials are used to classify them into several categories. Nanomaterials with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA:V) have the potential to exhibit desirable physiochemical characteristics, including those related to diffusivity, solubility, color, thermodynamics, optics, and magnetization. [4] Nowadays, the food market is growing day by day. In 2023, the food market will generate $9.43 trillion in revenue. The market is expected to grow by 6.21% yearly. With a market volume of US$1.64 trillion in 2023, Confectionery & Snacks will be the market's largest sector. According to population estimates, US$1228.00 in income is expected per person in 2023. By 2023, internet sales in the food industry will account for 8.5% of total revenue. In 2023, it is estimated that the Food market would have a volume per person of 340.87 kg. Today, the market of food needs innovations that can make food that is easy to use, real, and delicious so that it can keep Over the course of the last several decades, nanotechnology has garnered a growing amount of attention as a potentially valuable technology that has significantly impacted the food industry. Nanotechnology helps in enhancing the properties of materials and structures that are used in various fields such as agriculture, food, pharmacy, and so on. Applications of nanotechnology in the food market have included the encapsulation and distribution of materials to specific locations, the improvement of flavor, the introduction of antibacterial nanoparticles into food, the betterment of prolonged storage, the detection of pollutants, enhanced storage facilities, locating, identifying, as well as consumer awareness. Labeling food goods with nano barcodes helps ensure their security and may also be used to track their distribution. This review article presents a discussion about current advances in nanotechnology along with its applications in the field of food-tech, food packaging, food security, enhancing life of food products, etc. A detailed description is provided about various synthesis routes of nanomaterials, that is, chemical, physical, and biological methods. Nanotechnology is a rapidly improving the field of food packaging and the future holds great opportunities for more enhancement via the development of new nanomaterials and nanosensors.