Aim: To study the risk factors associated with postpartum haemorrhage. Methodology: Woman with postpartum hemorrhage in the past 3 years from 2015 to 2017 were included in the study. Retrospective data were collected from medical records regarding age, parity, associated risk factors and the mode of management. Results: One hundred forty two (142) women with postpartum hemorrhage were included in the study, and we found that majority of the women were primiparous, in the age group of 25 to 29 years, and, pre-existing anaemia was seen in 11%, PROM in 16%, hypothyroidism in 20% were found as risk factors and 19% of the woman underwent secondary LSCS. Conclusion: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an emergency faced by an obstetrician. It complicates about 3.6% of all deliveries. It is a potential life-threatening complication of 3rd stage of labour.

Background: Pre eclampsia (PE) is a life threatening multisystem disorder, unique to pregnancy, complicating approximately 28% of pregnancies in developed countries and approximately 5-8% in developing countries. It is the 2 nd most important cause of maternal mortality in the world. The search for an ideal predictive test for PE still remains a major challenge for obstetricians. Objectives: To study whether ultrasonologically identified placental laterality can be used as a predictor of pre eclampsia. To assess the incidence of pre eclampsia and other feto-maternal outcome with centrally located placenta and those with laterally located placenta. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 250 uncomplicated primigravidas with singleton pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic from January 2016 to June 2017. Patients were subjected to ultrasound examination and placental location was determined between 18-24 weeks and again between 32-36 weeks period of gestation. These cases were followed till the delivery. Results: Out of total 250women, 148 had central placenta, in which 8 (5.41%) developed preeclampsia, while 102 had lateral placenta, in which 40 (39.22%) developed preeclampsia. Thus, in total 48 women developing PE, 40 (83.33%) had lateral placenta whereas, only 8 (16.67%) had central placenta. The difference was found to be statistically significant as p value is <0.001, sensitivity is 84% and specificity is 70%. Conclusion: From the above study we concluded that women with laterally located placenta determined by USG have 5 times greater risk of developing PE. So, placental laterality is a simple yet reliable and cost effective predictive screening test for pre-eclampsia.

BACKGROUNDLiterature reviews suggest that elderly are susceptible to severe complication due to anaemia compared to the younger ones. WHO defines that male <13 g/dL and female <12 g/dL should be termed as anaemic. Nearly 23.9% of the global population was anaemic. The prevalence of anaemia increases with age and that too females under 75 years were commonly affected compared to males. However, data regarding patterns of anaemia in Pondicherry is very less. This prompted us to study the morphological patterns and prevalence of anaemia for adults and geriatric population in a tertiary care hospital at Pondicherry.

BACKGROUND:The prime duty of any anesthesiologist is to relive pain in the perioperative period. Today regional anesthesia is well established as equal to general anesthesia in effectiveness and patient acceptability. Regional anesthesia is blocking of peripheral nerve conduction in a reversible way using local anesthetic agents. For surgeries on upper extremities, particularly in emergency surgeries, regional anesthesia has many advantages over general anesthesia. The brachial plexus is approached at the level of trunks and the compact arrangement of trunks at the supraclavicular level gives a high success rate with minimum local anesthetic drug volume and a dense and fast onset of the block. To prolong the duration of analgesia various drugs have been studied as adjuvants to the local anesthetics. This study is intended to determine the effects of adding Clonidine to Bupivacaine in brachial plexus blockade by Nerve locator assisted supraclavicular approach, with regard to the onset, intensity and duration of blockade along with its analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Forty adult patients of both sexes in the age group of 20-60 years of weight ranging from 50-70kg belonging to ASA I/II category posted for various types of upper limb surgeries the patients were randomly allocated into two groups,. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed via peripheral nerve locator assisted subclavian perivascular technique. Group -B (Bupivacaine alone)-20 patients received 30ml of 0.375%Bupivacaine with 2ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Group-BC (Bupivacaine+Clonidine)-20 patients received 30ml of 0.375%Bupivacaine with Clonidine hydrochloride 100μg (1ml of 150μg diluted with 2ml 0.9% NaCl solution. From that 2ml used for study. (The following parameters are assessed Onset of blockade, Duration of blockade, Intensity of blockade, Sedation, Quality of analgesia, Haemodynamic changes & Complications if any RESULTS: Onset time for both motor and sensory block was quicker in the Bupivacaine with clonidine group, Time taken for completion of both motor and sensory blockade was, significantly lesser in clonidine group, There was no difference between the groups in the intensity of blockade., The mean duration of both sensory & motor blockade was significantly prolonged in clonidine group, Sedation was statistically significant with Bupivacaine-clonidine group in the intraoperative period, There was no haemodynamic instability in both the groups in the study period, There was no complication due to the addition of 100μg clonidine to Bupivacaine CONCLUSION: clonidine 100μg (in 2ml)when used as an additive to 0.375% Bupivacaine(30ml) solution for Supraclavicular brachial plexus block, quickens the onset of sensory & motor blockade and prolongs the duration of sensory & motor blockade. It also improves the quality of post-operative analgesia with mild intraoperative sedation and decreases the heart rate without any haemodynamic instability. Hence, clonidine can be considered as a safe additive to local anaesthetic solu...

Objectives: The aims of the study were to observe the incidental adnexal masses and its management during caesarian section. Methods: A retrospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESIMC PGI MSR Bangalore, Karnataka. Data collected from forty pregnant women during caesarean section and incidentally found adnexal mass and its management. Result: Out of 40 women, 15 were primigravida, 25 were multigravida. Study results shows presence of clear cyst in 11 women, fimbrial cysts in 11 women, mucinous cystadenoma in 6, serouscyst adenoma in 3, corpus luteal cyst in 5, hemorrhagic cyst in 2, dermoid in 1, paraovarian cyst in 1, hydatid cyst of morgagni in 1. Conservative approach was followed for 26 women, while cystectomy was performed in 10 women; fluid aspiration was done in 4 women. Conclusion: Adnexal masses, which arise in pregnancy, are mostly functional and asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. Surgical management of adnexal masses during caesarean section should be considered in some cases to avoid later surgery for this incidental pathology.