This Study proposes the approach for crop classification using the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix feature of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The method utilizes the SAR Images acquired by Sentinel 1A SAR Data and extract textural features using GLCM. In this study, we investigate the potential of Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM)-based texture information for horticulture crop classification with SAR images in Kharif and cloud weather condition. A study on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery was conducted in Chhattisgarh with the objective to evaluate the potential of different texture parameters among crop. The SAR data were pre-processed for textural analysis having entire angle and equal distance quantization. The results were categorized among different parameters showing significant variation for horticulture crops for Contrast, Dissimilarity, Homogeneity, ASM, Energy, Entropy and GLCM Mean. The statistical analysis was done for fruit crop along with major kharif crop of study area. The results shows that mean backscatter value was lowest for banana (99.12 dB) and highest for Mango (198.26 dB) regarding contrast textural property in VH Channel whereas mean backscatter value in VH Channel w.r.t to energy was maximum for banana (0.60 dB) followed by papaya (0.49 dB) and guava (0.45 dB) and least for mango (0.44 dB). The mean backscatter value for GLCM mean textural property in VH channel was shown maximum by banana (51.24 dB) followed by papaya (41.96 dB) and mango (32.98 dB). These results indicate the usefulness of texture information for classification of SAR images, particularly when acquisition of optical images is difficult in Kharif and cloud weather condition for crop classification. Thus GLCM feature of SAR Data proven to be significant for the classification of horticulture crops.

The research work was executed in the different village ponds, swamps and reservoir in different districts of Chhattisgarh plains, during the year 2017-18 & 2018-19 under in-situ condition to generate morphological characterization, phenotypic & genotypic data with the objective to estimate the variability parameters, genetic divergence, association among yield attributing traits viz. plant height, plant spread, leaf length, flower per plant, petals per flower, stigma number, stamen number, seeds per fruit, and rhizome length and vase life of flower (in days) contributing component in lotus genotypes. The experimental material comprised of fifty one (51) genotypes of lotus from different districts of Chhattisgarh plains. Heritability indicates the least influenced character by environment, useful in selection for improvement. The highest heritability was recorded for number of stamen (96.70%), receptacle width (95.40%) and flower weight (95.30%). The lowest value for heritability was observed for branches per node (57.60%). Genetic advance as per cent of mean ranged from 113.9% to 20.0%. The character shows highest genetic advance in receptacle width whereas lowest genetic advancement as percent of mean was observed in branches per node. Flower numbers per plant, rhizome yield per plant are being quantitative characters are influenced by many genes and are highly controlled by a biotic and abiotic factor such as water and soil condition. The estimated contribution of various characters towards the expression of genetic divergence were petal number per flower (32.86%), stamen number (23.22%), receptacle width (9.41%), petal length (3.53%), plant spread (2.59%), leaf length (2.67%), rhizome length (2.2%), rhizome girth (2.59%), rhizome yield per plant (1.57%). These accounted nearly 100 percent of total divergence in the genotypes. Flower number per plant had high direct positive effect on stigma, pod weight, seed per fruit, plant spread, leaf width, and on number of stamen as per path coefficient analysis. Studies related to genetic divergence has been done by using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistics for fifty one genotype and seven clusters were framed. Out of them Cluster I having thirty seven, cluster II with three, cluster III having six, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VI and cluster VII includes only single genotypes. Among the seven clusters, maximum inter cluster distance was present between II & VI therefore; these clusters should be inter-crossed to create more variability and improving flower yield in lotus. Average performance of cluster for various traits showed that cluster III was most appropriate to select superior genotypes for flower yield per plant. Based on the result obtained, it can be concluded that flower per plant and rhizome yield had significant positive correlation with each other, therefore while improving flower yield and rhizome yield emphasis should be given on the characters namely plant spread, leaf length, leaf width, petal number per flower, number of branches. These potential lotus genotypes can be exploited for increasing rhizome yield which will promote lotus improvement work for Chhattisgarh state.

Over time, smallholder farmers have adjusted their planting patterns and farming calendar to the onset, duration and end of the rainy seasons. However, with increasingly changing rainfall patterns due to climate change, their planting patterns and farming calendar no longer match seasonal rainfall distributions, which often lead to crop losses which soon or later affect the nutritional status of the members of family of farmer. In such case situation Badi’s located and developed near to house was able to mitigate not only daily additional livelihood but also as support to the nutritional requirement of the members of farmer’s family. With the Convergence of MGNREGA, NRLM, state Horticulture department schemes Badi’s are established at village that helps in nutritional security of the farm family and also supplement the needs of the vulnerable group (pregnant and lactating mothers and children below five years), to overcome the malnutrition and micro nutrient deficiency and other health consequences, it also improves the nutritional value chain by means of production, availability and stability.

In order to improve the vase life of closed bud of indigenous sacred lotus cut flowers (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) collected from different village ponds, swamps and reservoirs from seven districts of Chhattisgarh Plains viz. Dhamtari, Balod, Durg, Gariyaband, Mahasamund, Kabirdham, Raipur districts of zone of Chhattisgarh plains, during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19.The experiment was performed based on completely randomized design with five treatments including tap water, 25 % coconut water, 50% coconut water,0.12 mM Gibberelic acid, 0.15 mM Gibberelic acid in three replication. In this study, characteristics such as fresh weight, dry weight, and water uptake and vase life were evaluated. The result showed that 50% coconut water has the maximum vase life (5.67 days) followed by 25 % coconut, 0.12 mM & 0.15 mM Gibberelic acid does not show significant difference. Fresh weight and dry weight of flower was maximum recorded under treatment tap water and water uptake is highest in 0.15 mM Gibberelic acid. Phenotypic coefficient of vase life of all the treatment was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was found under treatment (T1) in fresh weight of flower i.e.38.38, phenotypic coefficient of variation was ranged between 3.90 to 40.46. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation was found under treatment T1 (Tap water) fresh weight is 40.46, the highest heritability was recorded for fresh weight of flower under T3 (97.90%) and highest amount of genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for fresh weight of flower under T1 (75.00%), followed by fresh weight of T3 (74.09%). High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance has been recorded for fresh weight of flower in T3 (97.90, 74.09), water uptake in T3 (89.60, 42.77) which indicates that the heritability for these characters is due to additive gene effect.

The aim of this study is to analyze the importance of Self Help group activities in rural economy. This paper also describes the role of community to achieve the environmental, economic and social sustainability for the enhancement of the rural farm families and healthy lifestyle through community participation in food supplies, nutrition and space utilization. This also evaluate the benefits and potential of rural farming activities within limited resources and how the involvement of Government agencies helps to accelerate the working pattern and improving skill of the group members.