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The biological utilization of protein is influenced by the presence of anti-nutritional compounds. This study aims to find the best domestic processing methods (soaking, sprouting, boiling, pressure cooking and roasting) in reducing the anti-nutritional factors thereby improving the rate and extent of starch and protein digestion by in-vitro condition. Results revealed that all the treatments were effective in significantly reducing the anti-nutritional content and application of single domestic processing method is insufficient for complete removal of anti-nutritional factors (tannin, phytic acid, Trypsin Inhibitor activity). The most effective combination method for reducing tannin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity content is soaking, roasting and pressure cooking. Hence, the best processing treatments was soaking/roasting followed by pressure cooking. For better digestibility of in-vitro protein and starch soaked pulses followed by pressure cooking was found effective.

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Aerobic rice is one of the alternative methods for saving water, energy, labour, time and reduced methane gas in rice production ecosystem. The field experimental trial was conducted during summer 2018 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. Irrigation scheduling based on different IW/CPE (Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation) ratios and different doses along with various spilt applications of nitrogen were experimented. Results of field experiment indicated that irrigation scheduling at IW/CPE of 0.8 up to panicle initiation stage and thereafter IW/CPE of 1.0 up to dough stage recorded the highest root length of 13.0 cm at active tillering and 18.8 cm at flowering stage. But, irrigating the aerobic rice at IW/CPE of 1.0 up to panicle initiation stage and thereafter IW/CPE of 1.2 up to dough stage recorded the highest root volume (16.9, 27.1 cc•hill −1) and root dry weight (6.1, 12.9 g•hill −1) at active tillering and flowering stage. Application of nitrogen at 150 kg•ha −1 in 5 equal splits at 20, 35, 50, 65 and 80 DAS (Days after sowing) recorded the highest root length of 13.5 cm, root volume of 17.6 cc•hill −1 and root dry weight of 6.4 g•hill −1 at active tillering stage and root length of 19.4 cm, root volume of 27.6 cc•hill −1 and root dry weight of 14.4 g•hill −1 at flowering stage. The interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen significantly influenced the root growth. Irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.8 up to panicle initiation stage and thereafter IW/CPE of 1.0 up to dough stage along with 150 kg N ha −1 in 5 equal splits at 20, 35, 50, 65 and 80 DAS significantly enhanced the root length (15.

SUMMARY :Groundwater exploration for irrigation is a costly and scare input in agriculture and plays an important role in increasing food production. Due to over use of groundwater resources, it has become very important to estimate the Crop Water Requirement for different crops. Unscientific and injudicious application of groundwater in the Anantapur region resulted in depletion of the groundwater table. Anantapur region was chosen as the study area as its sever water problem. To achieve effective utilization of the groundwater resources, there is a need to estimate the crop water requirement for different crops at different management levels to accomplish effective irrigation management in the Ananthapur region. It is important that the water requirements of the crops are known. This study was carried out using CROPWAT 8.0 model. The information about climatic conditions, soil types and cropping pattern were obtained in the study area to estimate the crop water requirement under rainfed condition. The crop water requirement for the different crops of Anantapur region is very essential for effective utilization of the groundwater and also to be increase the crop yield. The maximum quantity of effective rainfall observed during the month of September as 79.5 per cent of the monthly rainfall i.e. 101.7 mm and average annual effective rainfall was estimated over the period 1985 to 2012 as 85.5 % of the average annual rainfall i.e. 526 mm out of 615.4 mm of average annual rainfall. The crop water requirement for the groundnut Kharif and Rabi crops in the Anantapur region was estimated as 591.3 mm and 443.3mm, respectively and for the vegetables, cotton, rice, grains and maize in the Anantapur region are to be 594.1 mm, 878.6 mm, 1110.6 mm, 699.9 mm and 679.3 mm, respectively. Efficient water management becomes crucial and critical in normal or deficit rainfall years.HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE : Babu, R. Ganesh, Veeranna, J., Kumar, K.N. Raja and Rao, I. Bhaskara (2014). Estimation of water requirement for different crops using CROPWAT model in Anantapur region. Asian J. Environ. Sci., 9(2): 75-79.