The application of titanate coupling agents for the surface modification of mica filler and its reinforcement in polypropylene (PP) has been directed towards improvement in mechanical properties. Four titanate coupling agents, namely neoalkoxy tri(dioctylpyrophosphato) titanate (C1), neoalkoxy trineodecanoyl titanate (C2); bis‐(acetylacetonato)distearato titanate (C3), and bis‐(acetylacetonato)dipalmitato titanate (C4) were used in the present investigation. Mica powder (10 μm particle size) was coated with these coupling agents of varying concentration (0.5 to 1 % on the weight of filler) and then blended with polypropylene powder of 10 melt flow index. The mica (10 to 50 wt. %) filled polypropylene samples with and without coupling agents, were injection molded and the mechanical properties of the specimens tested. There is an improvement in the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of PP/mica samples coupled with titanates. The best performance in terms of yield stress and flexural strength was observed in PP/mica samples having 0.7% C1, titanate coupling agent. The fracture behavior of mica filled PP has also been studied using a scanning electron microscope.

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Titanate coupling agents have been used for the surface modification of mica to improve the viscoelastic behaviour of mica‐filled polypropylene. Four titanate coupling agents, neoalkoxy tri(dioctylpyrophosphato) titanate (CA1), neoalkoxy trineodecanoyl titanate (CA2), bisacetylacetonatodistearato titanate (CA3), and bisacetylacetonatodipalmitato titanate (CA4), were used in the present investigation. Mica powder (10 μm, particle size) was coated with these coupling agents in varying concentrations (0.5‐10% based on the weight of the filler), and then blended with stabilised polypropylene powder of 10 melt flow index (MFI). The mica‐filled (10‐50 wt%) polypropylene samples were extruded and used in the granular form for studying the viscoelastic behaviour. The melt viscosity of titanate coated mica‐PP samples decreases irrespective of the nature of the coupling agent used. The activation energy of melt rheology is independent of the mica content. The die swell increases with the use of titanate coupling agent. Compatibility of mica and polypropylene has also been studied with the help of a scanning electron microscope.

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A dissipating energy-based technique is proposed to locate the source of forced oscillations (FOs) in power systems. The network and load information is incorporated into the developed algorithm and continuously updated using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) measurement. The effect of electromechanical damping on system response in FO scenario is discussed; and therefore, the efficiency of the proposed technique to locate the source has been investigated. The proposed methodology is tested and verified for different simulation test cases and for different scenario viz. for single and multiple sources of disturbances. In the case of multiple sources of disturbances with different time of initiation of the disturbance, the proposed technique successfully locates all sources in their time durations of disturbance. Different load models have been evaluated for their impact on the success of the proposed algorithm in a real-time digital simulation environment. The proposed technique is successfully verified for the test cases reported by the IEEE PES Task Force on Oscillation Source Location.