Providing education and training to the masses on gigantic scale, for economic survival and to meet the ever-changing requirements of the society and also to meet the individual's special requirements and tastes, is not possible through the conventional system of education based on brick-and-mortar schools, colleges and universities. The World Wide Web (WWW) is being used to improve communication, collaboration, sharing of resources, promoting active learning, and delivery of education in distance learning mode. Distance Education, E-learning and Virtual Universities may provide the desired solution. E-Learning may be taken as the latest form of distance learning mediated by state-of-art technologies like Internet and WorldWide Web. In recent years, many of the universities and educational institutions worldwide offer online services such as for admissions, virtual (online) learning environments in order to facilitate the lifelong learning and to make this compatible with other educational management activities. Current e-learning research brings together pedagogical, technical and organisational concerns within a wider set of socio-cultural factors. Understanding issues &challenges in respect of elearning is of significant importance to the research communities involved in e-learning and will have a significant role in forming future practices. In consulting the INDIA research community, a number of research issues & challenges are required to be addressed to promote more efficient learning techniques.

Field experiment was conducted during rabi 2016-17 to 2018-19 to determine the effect of INM on of yield and economic attributes of broccoli at Vegetable Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Nine different treatment combinations, viz. full recommended dose of NPK through chemical fertilizer, FYM@ 20 tonnes /ha, FYM @ 10 tonnes/ha+ half NPK through chemical fertilizer, neem cake @ 5 q/ha, neem cake @ 2.5q/ha + half NPK through chemical fertilizer, vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + half NPK through chemical fertilizer, poultry manure @ 5 t/ha and poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha + half NPK through chemical fertilizer were tested in randomized block design with four replications under AICRP on Vegetable Crops. Aishwarya varietyof broccoli was transplanted at a spacing of 45 cm × 45 cm. Results of the experiment revealed that the application ofvermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + half NPK through chemical fertilizer recorded significantly highest head weight (386.80g), total yield (204.76 q/ha), net income (` 108832/ha) and B:C ratio (3.15). Therefore, the practice of vermicompost integration with half dose of chemical fertilizers may be recommended to exploit the better eco-friendly economic yield of broccoli.

Field experiment was carried out in the 2016-17 and 2017-18 to determine the effect of time of planting and mulching on weed intensity in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop under field condition at Vegetable Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The different time of planting and application of mulch significantly influenced the weed intensity in the tomato crop. The maximum number of weeds per square metre were found with planting on 30th November and without mulching (control), whereas minimum population of weeds were recorded with planting on 30th October and application of bio-mulch (Paddy straw). The planting on 30th November and without mulching (control) recorded maximum weed bio-mass (fresh and dry weight) at harvest stage. The minimum weed biomass were recorded with planting on 30th October and application of bio-mulch (Paddy straw) during both the years of experiments.

The field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years 2016-17 and 2017-18 to find out the influence of weed management practices and dates of transplanting on weed, fruit yield and profitability of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at Vegetable Research Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agricultural and Technology, Kanpur. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with four different dates of transplanting, viz. 15 October, 31 October, 15 November and 30 November and four type of mulches, viz. black polyethylene, white polyethylene, bio-mulch (paddy straw) and control (without mulch) replicated thrice. Tomato cultivar Azad T-6 was used in experiment. Results of the experiment revealed that the minimum weed population (4.43 and 4.26/m2) and weeds fresh weight (9.52 and 9.15 g/m2) and significantly highest marketable yield (30610 and 31418 kg/ha) and net returns (` 241460.50 and 249538.00/ha) were recorded in crop transplanted on 30 October. In case of mulching, application of bio-mulch (paddy straw) recorded minimum weed population (4.88 and 4.76/m2) and weeds fresh weight (10.48 and 10.28 g/m2) and significantly highest marketable yield (29569 and 30354 kg/ha) and net returns (` 231050.50 and 238905.50/ha). Transplanting on 30 October and application of bio-mulch (paddy straw) proved to be the best treatment combination for effective weed management and enhancing productivity and profitability of tomato. Therefore, this practice may be recommended to exploit the better economic yield of tomato under central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh.

The field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Kalyanpur, Kanpur (UP) during rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16, to study the effect of integrated nutrient managementon garden pea. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments of inorganic fertilizers (NPK50:60:40 kg/ha) and integration with organic sources combinations (FYM 10.0 and 20.0 t/ha, neem cake 2.5 and 5.0 q/ha, vermicompost 2.5 and 5.0 t/ ha, press mud 5.0 and 10.0 t/ha, sewage sludge 10.0 and 20.0 t/ha and poultry manure 2.5 and 5.0 t/ha) were tested against the control. Based on 2 years pooled data, application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha+ half NPK through chemical fertilizers produced significantly highest green pod yield of 8.31 t/ha and net return of ` 100470/ha. The treatment of full recommended dose of NPK through chemical fertilizers (50:60:40 kg/ha) produced green pod yield of 7.29 t/ha with net return ` 86195/ha. Return per rupee invested (` 3.46) was also higher under the treatment of application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha+ half NPK through chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost and half NPK through chemical fertilizers proved to be the best treatments for enhancing productivity and profitability of garden pea under Upper Gangetic Plains of Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, the practice of vermicompost integration with half dose of chemical fertilizers may serve as alternative of NPK inorganic fertilizers and fear of pollution hazards and may also be recommended to exploit the better eco-friendly economic pod yield of garden pea.