The petrophysical evaluation of carbonate reservoirs in terms of predicting the hydrocarbon potential is trivial. However, it is difficult to correctly predict the fluid flow in the absence of proper characterization of the different flow units encountered in these reservoirs. The process of identifying the flow units becomes non-trivial in the presence of extensive diagenesis process affecting the original depositional texture. The conventional triple combo logs gives an average response when logged against diagenetically altered zone thus overlooking or under-estimating diagenetic features occurring in micro scale. It becomes imperative to look at both micro and macro scale heterogeneity for evaluation of such reservoirs, which has a direct impact on the production, and water injection scheme of such reservoirs. The NMR data and image based secondary porosity estimation recorded in this well were used for partitioning the porosity into micro, meso and macro porosity. Borehole image logs have been interpreted in terms of defining the connectivity of the features seen on the image. This is then used to define a high-resolution connectivity index. An integrated approach using the NMR and the image is being proposed to identify such high permeability streaks that can explain the production performance or the water injection behavior at a later stage of development of the field. Based on the porosity partitioning technique an improved permeability estimate is made. The production results confirm the findings of this study. Introduction In order to link log data to the hydraulic properties of carbonate reservoirs, the oil industry is seeking better methods for characterizing the carbonates. This lead to the development of a method of carbonate rock classification keeping in mind the following key objectives and needs. Permeability prediction from logs is always difficult since no logging tool is available which can make direct continuous permeability measurements. Logging tools, instead, measure a surrogate for it such as a textural estimate from bore hole imaging logs or a pore size estimation from NMR logs. The interplay of multiple properties of the rock such as pore size distribution and texture influence the permeability to the extent to which pore throats are plugged with cement or other materials Numerous studies have shown that there is no direct relationship between the porosity and the permeability of the carbonate system. To understand the permeability of the reservoir a pore classification method may have to be resorted which can explain the production behaviour. The pore system classification would also help in designing a water injection program for such reservoirs. This study uses an integrated approach using the NMR and the micro-resistivity bore hole images for identifying and quantifying the secondary porosity and their impact on the permeability. This technique was validated from the dynamic behaviour of a well and shows promise in understanding the performance of the water sweep at the later stage of field development.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors significantly associated with recent depressive mood concerning health-related behavioral patterns at the individual level, perceived safety in the school environment, and willingness to share concerns with family and social networks.Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 221 middle school students were selected from 5 colleges in Mysuru, Karnataka by probability proportional to size sampling. Beck’s depression inventory and semi-structured questionnaire were used to evaluate the Prevalence of depression and factors associated with depression, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between Factors and Depression in adolescentsResults: 29% of the students reported positive in Depression assessed by the BDI scale. The lifestyle and academic performance were significantly associated with Depression. Moreover, a higher risk of mental health problems was associated with poorer school interpersonal relationshipsConclusions: Depression was prevalent among adolescents and highly associated with lifestyle and academic performance. Our findings underscore the pressing need for school administrators to make efforts to improve school interpersonal relationships among adolescents.

Estimating rock-mechanical, petrophysical properties and pre-production stress state is essential for effective reservoir planning, development, and optimal exploitation. This paper attempts to construct a comprehensive one-dimensional mechanical earth model (1D MEM) of the Mandapeta gas reservoir of Krishna Godavari (KG) basin, India. The methodology comprises a detailed stepwise process from processing and analysis of raw log data, calibration of log-derived dynamic properties with static ones using regression models developed from tested core samples, and final rock mechanical property estimation. Pore pressure profiles have been estimated and calibrated with the Repeat formation tester (RFT) data for every thirty-five wells. Overburden and horizontal stresses have also been evaluated and calibrated using data from the Leak-off Tests (LOT) or Extended Leak-off Tests (XLOT). A menu-driven program is developed using PYTHON code for visualization and on-time revision of 1D MEM. The resulting comprehensive 1D MEM predicts and establishes the rock-mechanical properties, pore pressure, and in-situ stress values of the basin. Besides its use in planning future wells, development of the field, and yielding insight into the various well challenges, it can also be used to develop a 3D MEM of the reservoir.

Background: Agricultural work is subject to the health risks inherent to a rural environment and at the same time to those deriving from the specific work process involved. This sector of activity being most unorganized, very little attention has been given to the occupational health problems. Coffee estate workers face many occupational risksMethods: The sample size of the study was 340. The study was conducted from November 2021 to May 2022 in Kodagu district, Karnataka, India. A purposive sampling technique was used. Occupational health risks were measured using a self-constructed questionnaire. Perceived level of Stress level was assessed using Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale.Results: Association of physical, chemical, mechanical and animal hazards with perceived stress level was found. Majority of the plantation workers experienced occupational risks, 15.58% workers experienced low stress, 27.35% workers experienced high stress and 57.05% workers experienced moderate stress. The results showed that there was no evidence to show the association between occupational risk factors and associated stress levels.Conclusions: In the light of the results of the current study and answers to the research questions, it could be concluded that; more than half of the studied farmers were exposed to occupational injuries and hazards. Though more than three fourth of the coffee plantation workers experienced stress, there was no association between occupational risk factors and stress levels. Measures have to be taken to protect the workers from occupational hazards.

Background: The neonatal period is the most susceptible phase of life. In the aim of this study was to assess the causes and factors associated with neonatal mortality. Methodology: This study was a Retrospective study of medical records for 2 years (Jan. 2020- Dec. 2021). The age, sex, gestational age, and morbidity and mortality profile of all SNCU admissions in 1 year were determined, and the difference between inborn (those born in Hospital) and out born (neonates delivered outside and referred) was calculated. Results: Of the 1600 neonates admitted, 61.5% neonates were males, 57.4% were Inborn and 42.8% were outborn. Approximately, 33.4% were preterm, and renal cardiovascular (20.4%), Neurological disorder (18.6%), and Respiratory related infection (19.1%) were the chief morbidities. The chief causes of mortality were low birth weight with AOR 1.29 (0.836-2.0120), respiratory support that includes O2 with AOR 5.817 (3.367-10.051), CPAP with AOR 4.902 (2.745-8.754), CMV with AOR 4.251(2.184-8.274) and Level of Care with AOR 4.85 (3.102-11.471). This factor was statistically associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusion: Low birth weight, respiratory support, neonate size, and degree of care were all found to be associated with newborn mortality in this study. As a result, hospitals ought to emphasize enhancing antenatal, intrapartum, and standardized care for newly admitted infants. A prospective study is what we suggest.