Histoplasmosis normally do not affect immunocompetent individuals. Prolonged exposure may cause chronic disseminated histoplasmosis. Elderly male patient presented with fever, hematuria and pain in right hypochondrium. He had pallor, fever and mild hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Giemsa stained bone marrow aspirate showed yeast-like cells, suggestive of Histoplasma capsulatum. PAS stained bone marrow aspirate and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.

Gliomas have substantial mortality to incidence rate ratio and a dismal clinical course. Newer molecular insights, therefore, are imperative to refine glioma diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Meningioma 1 (MN1) gene is a transcriptional co-regulator implicated in other malignancies, albeit its significance in glioma pathology remains to be explored. IGFBP5 is regulated transcriptionally by MN1 and IGF1, and is associated with higher glioma grade and shorter survival time, prompting us to ascertain their correlation in these tumors. We quantified MN1, IGFBP5 and IGF1 expression in 40 glioma samples and examined their interrelatedness. MN1 mRNA-protein inter-correlation and gene’s copy number were evaluated in these tumors. Publicly available TCGA datasets were used to examine the association of MN1 expression levels with patient survival and for validating our findings. We observed MN1 overexpression correlated with low grade (LGGs) and not high grade gliomas (HGGs), and is not determined by copy number alteration of the gene. Notably, gliomas with upregulated MN1 have better overall and progression-free survival. IGFBP5 expression inversely associated with MN1 expression levels in gliomas but correlated positively with IGF1 expression in only LGGs. This suggests a potential grade-specific interplay between repressive and activating roles of MN1 and IGF1, respectively in the regulation of IGFBP5. Thus, MN1 overexpression, a promising predictor of overall and progression-free survival in gliomas, may serve as a prognostic biomarker in clinical practice to categorize patients with survival advantage.

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Myiasis is the infestation of the body by the larval forms (maggots) of dipterous flies. Ophthalmomyiasis or ocular myiasis refers to the inflammations that involve the eye and ocular adnexa. This may be external, internal, or orbital. Less than 5% of human myiasis cases involve eye. Ophthalmomyiasis varies in severity, ranging from simple irritation to complete destruction of the orbit. The condition is often misdiagnosed as an acute conjunctivitis. Globally, so far, most cases have been reported from rural areas. Here, we present 2 case reports. Both patients belonged to an urban area. The larvae were successfully removed, and both cases are being followed. These cases show that this infection is probably more common in urban areas than reported.