Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) management has, of late, emerged as an important health as well as environmental concern. It is imperative upon all the health facilities, irrespective of their size and number of patients catered, to ensure appropriate BMW management at all levels starting from its generation to its final disposal. The study intended to assess the management of BMW generated in one health facility of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted w.e.f. 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. The BMW generated in the Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh (SMGS) hospital-a health facility of government medical college (GMC) Jammu was collected at a designated place after its segregation. Then it was weighed before its transportation and final disposal. The BMW was weighed to generate monthly rates which were then converted to daily rates. Finally, BMW generation per bed per day was calculated.Results: It was found that BMW generated per bed per day was 0.197 kg. Infectious waste comprised 15% of the total whereas non-infectious component was 85%. The color-coded bags collection rate per day was 48.8 kg, 28.4 kg, 17.02 kg and 7.75 kg for yellow, red, blue and white containers, respectively.Conclusions: The authors found that the health facility was adhering to guidelines of BMW management. The need for continuous education and awareness promotion about BMW management among sanitation workers, nurses, technicians and doctors cannot be underestimated.
Herein, a novel self‐referenced method for the complete temporal characterization (phase and amplitude) of ultrashort optical laser pulses is presented. The technique, called TIme‐Gated Electric field Reconstruction (TIGER), measures a second‐order nonlinear signal (namely, second‐harmonic generation or two‐photon absorption) produced by four time‐delayed replicas of the input pulse. The delays are spatially encoded in the beam profile using a four‐faced pyramid‐like optical element. The presented technique enables single shot measurement and does not require any spectral measurements, in contrast with well‐known self‐referenced characterization methods. Depending on the chosen geometry, the recorded TIGER signal can be either interferometric (i.e., carrier frequency resolved) or intensimetric. This article describes the principle operation of the device together with a detailed theoretical analysis. TIGER measurements of various laser pulse shapes with their reconstructions are then presented, demonstrating the relevance of this original approach.
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