A B S T R A C TThe potential of using activated Ficus Hispida L. as a new biosorbent for the removal of lead from aqueous solution was investigated. The isotherms, kinetics of lead biosorption for F. Hispida L. were evaluated. The results indicate that equilibrium was established in about 30 min. The effect of the pH was examined in the range of 2-10. The maximum removal obtained is at pH value 6.1. The dosage and size parameters were also evaluated to get optimum biosorption of lead. The maximum biosorption capacity at 30 C is 32.42 mg/g. The effect of temperature has been carried out at 30, 35, 40, and 45 C. The data obtained from biosorption isotherms of lead at different temperatures fit to linear form of langmuir biosorption equation followed by Temkin and Freundlich equations. Biosorption kinetics data were modeled using the pseudo-first-and pseudo-second order and Elvoich equation models. The results indicate that the pseudo-second-order model best describes biosorption kinetic data. The thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (DH), free energy (DG), and entropy (DS) were calculated. They show that biosorption of lead on F. Hispida L. is an endothermic process more effective at high temperatures. These results show that Ficus Hispida L. is a good biosorbent for heavy metals from aqueous solutions and could be used as a purifier for water and wastewater.

Liquid wastewater is essentially the water disposal of the community after the pure water has been used in a variety of applications. In recent years, heavy metal concentrations, besides other pollutants, have increased to reach dangerous levels for living environment in many regions. Among the heavy metals lead has the most damaging effects on human health. It can enter a human body through uptake of food (65%), water (20%) and air (15%).  With this background certain low cost and easily available biosorbent like Olea Europaea was used and reported in this study. The scope of the present study is to remove Lead from its aqueous solution using Olea Europaea Resin as biosorbent. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were used to describe the biosorption equilibrium of Lead Olea EuropaeaResin biosorbent.The results showed that the biosorption capacity of Olea Europaea Resin biosorbent was more for Lead removal around 34.2 mg/g and the biosorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic models showed that the pseudo-second order rate expression was found to represent well with the biosorption data for the biosorbent.

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Heavy metals have been introduced into the environment because of industrialization. It is well known that heavy metals linger in the environment and endanger organisms. Industrial effluents include microorganisms. To counteract the negative impacts of these metals, they have implemented a variety of measures. These tactics can depend on or be independent of metabolism. One such tactic is biosorption, which involves the interaction of metal ions with cell wall-based metal binding proteins. Algae, fungi, yeasts, and bacteria all engage in biosorption. In addition to live things, leftovers of dead microorganisms also possess biosorbent qualities, such as agricultural wastes like husks, seeds, peels, and stalks from various plants. Temperature, pH, the nature of the biosorbents, the surface area to volume ratio, the quantity of biomass, the initial metal ion concentration, and the metal affinity to the biosorbent are some of the variables that influence the rate of biosorption. Biosorption can be explained using several models, including the Freundlich model and the Langmuir model. Utilizing substances such as thiosulfate, mineral acids, and organic acids, biosorbed metals can be recovered. To avoid changing a biosorbent's physical qualities, the desorption agent should be carefully chosen. It concludes that, biosorption is an effective green technology to remove heavy metals from various types of effluents. Keywords: Heavy metals, biosorption, bacteria, algae, fungi, yeasts.

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