The article relevance lies in the labour market trends that have formed in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in recent decades. The article aim is to identify the main socio-economic factors that influence the labour market in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan and to analyse their impact. The method of analysis was the main method of the research. The article provides an overview of the current situation in the labour market and describes positive and negative trends there. The results of this analysis indicate factors should be taken into account by states in order to solve problems on the labour markets and the economy and how future public policy should be constructed. The article will be useful for improving understanding of the functioning of labour markets in general; for analysing the situation in these markets in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; for shaping public policy; for students to study issues in unemployment, migration etc.

To characterize the demographic development of a particular region, it is necessary not only to determine population growth, but also to expand the subject area of statistical demography and conduct research to identify patterns of natural renewal of the structure of the age composition of the population. For the completeness of the study, methods of statistical and mathematical analysis were used. Official long-term statistical data for Almaty were collected and analyzed. A mathematical model was developed to determine the share of influence of each factor. It is substantiated that the demographic development of the city of Almaty cannot be characterized as a process of reproduction. Causeand-effect relationships of population growth from migration processes are revealed. It is noted that in the city of Almaty there were demographic phenomena typical for large cities of the modern world. It is substantiated that the growth of the population of Almaty does not have a positive impact on the demographic development of the country, but leads to negative consequences (high population density of the city, infrastructure, traffic jams, temporary labor migrants) of the development of the metropolis and the country as a whole. The significance of the results of the study lies in the recommendations for taking measures to limit the movement of internal migration in Almaty and aimed at natural demographic reproduction.