No abstract

Global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has affected millions of people around the world. This virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors present in the pharynx, nose, oral cavity, salivary glands, tongue, etc. Saliva has been shown to have viral loads of COVID-19 as it reported to be 2019-novel-coronavirus nucleic acid positive. This article is based on the association of oral fluids and their role in diagnosis of coronavirus infection.

Introduction: Probiotics are microbes that positively influence health an individual when ingested in appropriate quantities. This study is done to assess the variation in salivary buffering capacity and salivary pH in moderate gingivitis patients before and after probiotic intake. Aim and Objective: To assess the role of probiotics on buffering capacity and salivary pH. To study the effect of probiotics in controlling gingivitis. Methodology: A study group of 10 subjects between the age group of 25 - 35 years with moderate gingivitis. Gingival Index was recorded. pH and buffering capacity of the saliva is determined using GC saliva buffer kit before and after probiotic intake. Results: There was significant improvement in gingival health after 14 days consumption of probiotic yogurt. However, there is no significant difference between gingival index, buffering capacity and pH before and after probiotic consumption. Conclusion: There was significant improvement in gingival health after 14 days consumption of probiotic yogurt. Long term research and clinical trials are required to reveal whether the probiotics can be used for preventing or treating oral diseases.

Both the rate of osseointegration and its extent depend upon the characteristics of the implant surface.1 2 3 4 5 Depending on the surface of the implant determination of implant–bone contact area, the rate of bone formation around the implant can be done.6 Hence, the implant surface plays an important part in multiple ways in the osseointegration process.

Background and Objective: Menopause is a normal developmental stage in a woman's life marking the permanent cessation of menstruation. Calcium is predominant in intracellular signalling and its intracellular increase can affect the cell's proliferation, phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. IL-8 expression in various cells such as neutrophils and osteoblasts was reported to involve a calcium signalling pathway. Well-known functions of IL-8 includes help in angiogenesis, role in tumour progression, tissue remodelling, etc., Hence, the aim of this study was to establish the relationship between calcium-dependent IL-8 and periodontal disease in postmenopausal females. Method: The study population included 52 postmenopausal women aged 45–57 years. The patients were divided into two groups in which group I included postmenopausal women without periodontitis and group II with periodontitis. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all the participants to evaluate IL-8 and calcium levels. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in salivary IL-8 levels between the two groups (P < 0.001), but there was no statistical difference in salivary calcium levels between the two groups (P = 0.730). A weak negative correlation between salivary IL-8 and calcium was found in group I, while a weak positive correlation was found between the same in group II. Conclusion: Analysis of salivary IL-8 from the present study was in accordance with several previous studies. It can be concluded that saliva can also be used as a reliable oral diagnostic fluid for IL-8 and calcium detection in periodontitis.