In this review we shortly discuss about the graphene and graphene-based materials synthesis and present the recent year's research progress (2017−2019) in the enhancement of the analytical performance of sensors and biosensors. Particularly, we covered a very broad range of graphene-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the detection of glucose, cholesterol, dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), bisphenol A (BPA), cancer biomarkers and heavy metal ions. We believe that the discussed subjects are useful and may be used as an instruction guide for the future developments in the field of graphene and graphene-based materials for sensors and biosensors.

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Antifungal agents are essential drugs used to treat fungal infections caused by various types of fungi. Due to their mechanism of action, these drugs bear serious adverse reactions, interact with a wide range of other drugs, and negatively impact the environment. Therefore, there is a need for accurate, sensitive, and reliable detection methods to minimize and possibly avoid their potential negative effects. Although so far classical methods have proven to be effective in detecting these drugs, some of their disadvantages have led the scientific community to focus its efforts on electrochemical methods, as they are simple to use, sensitive, and require a small quantity of sample and minimal sample pretreatment. This mini-review focuses on electrochemical sensors developed between 2017 and 2022 for the detection and quantification of antifungal azoles, highlighting their response characteristics, sensitivity, and applicability in real samples analysis.

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