Conform principiilor securității economice, în era globalizării și a interdependențelor, agenții economici lucrează într-un mediu competitiv pe piețe incerte. În actualul mediu economic internațional, nu putem găsi nici un echilibru perfect, nici condiții de securitate pe termen lung. Cu toate acestea, o astfel de insecuritate are capacitatea de a stimula domeniul concurenţial, de a încuraja inovaţia şi competenţele adaptative. Anticiparea evoluțiilor și transformărilor rapide care au loc în cadrul piețelor sau al diferitelor industrii reprezintă o provocare căreia managerii companiilor îi fac față din ce în ce mai greu. Chiar dacă se acordă multă atenție academică elementelor conceptuale ale intelligence-ului competitiv și beneficiilor acestuia, se știe puțin despre modul în care sursele deschise pot acționa ca un instrument la scară largă în obținerea unui avantaj strategic. Lucrarea de față abordează această lacună în literatură și analizează modul în care sursele deschise (Open-source intelligence) pot oferi suport domeniului competitive intelligence.

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According to principles of economic security, in this era of globalization and interdependencies, we understand that economic agents work competitively in uncertain markets. In the current international economic field, we cannot find either a perfect balance or long-term security conditions. Yet, this insecurity has the ability to stimulate the competitive field, to encourage innovation and adaptive competences. The anticipation of rapid evolutions and transformations which occur within markets or different industries represents a challenge which company managers handle with increasing difficulty. Even though much scholarly attention is paid to conceptual elements of competitive intelligence and its benefits, little is known about the way open-source intelligence can act like an instrument. This paper addresses this gap in the literature and analyze the way open-source intelligence can provide support for competitive intelligence actions.

Political parties use electoral clientelism to augment their support in many societies around the world. Extensive research shows how parties use clientelism and how citizens’ attitudes towards clientelism are shaped by broad social and economic factors. However, we know little about how political parties can influence people’s attitudes towards clientelism. To address this gap in the literature, this article analyzes the extent to which the development of a party organization and the interactions of citizens with these organizations can favor the acceptance of electoral clientelism as a practice of the political game. The analysis uses individual-level data from an original nationwide survey conducted in 2021 on a national representative sample of 4313 respondents in Romania. The results indicate that political parties, through their activities and networks, are not only main users of clientelism but also important drivers for its acceptance in society.

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