Introduction: Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production. There are two main types, alpha thalassemia, and beta-thalassemia. Beta Thalassemia Major (also called Cooley's Anemia) is a serious illness. Symptoms appear in the first two years of life and include paleness of the skin, poor appetite, irritability, and failure to grow. There is absent or decreased production of normal hemoglobin, resulting in microcytic anemia of varying degrees. The thalassemias have a distribution concomitant with areas where P. falciparum malaria is common. The alpha thalassemias are concentrated in Southeast Asia, Malaysia, and southern China. The beta thalassemias are seen primarily in the areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Proper treatment includes routine blood transfusions and other therapies which can lead to iron overload and contraction of infections such as HIV, HCV, and HBV shortening the life span of patients. On the other hand, inadequate transfusions may lead to severe anemia and debility. Material and Methods: This retrospective record-based cross-sectional study was conducted in S.N. Medical College, Agra. Results: In our tertiary center, we have 103 registered patients of thalassemia, in which 44 are females and 59 are males. Out of the 103 thalassemia cases, 95 (92.2%) belonged to beta-thalassemia major, 4(3.8%) of betathalassemia intermediate, and 1 (0.9%) of beta-thalassemia minor category. Fever was the most common presenting symptom. Pallor and hepatomegaly were the most common signs among cases. Conclusion: Hemoglobinopathies are the commonest hereditary disorders in India and pose a major health problem. The data on the prevalence of β-thalassemias and other hemoglobinopathies in different caste/ethnic groups of India is scarce.

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Introduction:In India, Dengue epidemics are becoming more frequent. The majority of dengue virus infection are self limiting, but complications may cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records were reviewed and analyzed. Patients were classified into dengue with and without warning sign and severe dengue (DHF/DSS). Objectives: To assess clinical profile of dengue infection in children less than 18 years of age and to evaluate outcome of dengue fever admitted from June to December 2018, in Department of Pediatrics, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra. Results: A total of 50 dengue positive patients were classified into dengue with or without warning signs 42(84%) and 8 (16%) severe dengue cases. The most commonly involved children were male between 5-10 yr (36%) of age group followed by 1-5 yr (34%). Most common clinical manifestation was fever observed in 96% cases followed by rash (66%), pain abdomen (52%) and vomiting in 26% cases.46% cases of dengue had warning signs. Most common clinical and radiological findings were ascites seen in 24% cases followed by pleural effusion. Elevation of Aspartate Transaminase (SGOT) in 82% and thrombocytopenia was seen in 60% cases. Conclusion: High grade fever, vomiting, abdominal pain and skin rash with normal or low platelet count were varying clinical presentation. Early clinical suspicion and diagnosis with prompt management accompanied by preventive measures can prevent morbidity and the mortality associated with dengue.

Background: Burden of malnutrition is much higher in South Asia as compared to that in Africa and rest of the World. South Asia contributes to about 60% of the cases. Education of women has been seen to be the most effective in improving child's health. Present study is done to evaluate social demographic pattern in cases of severe acute malnutrition. Methods: Present study is prospective observational comparative study conducted at Department of Pediatrics included 175 cases after taking a informed written consent from the parent. Out of which 22 were lost to follow up and remaining 153 cases were analysed and further evaluated in the study Results: Cases who were from 6 month to 24 months of age were 73.2% (n=112) and rest of them were above 24 months of age. Girls were 53.6 % and 46.4% were boys. Percentage of illiterate mother was 41.2%, till primary were 28.8% and Only 10.4% of mothers were graduate. Nearly 50% of the households had per capita income less than or equal to 1000. Conclusions: SAM was more common in children < 24 months of age, boys and girls were almost equally affected. Maternal literacy and low per capita income was an important factor associated with SAM patients.

Background: Understanding the causes of child mortality provides important public health insights. Globally 6.9 million deaths in children under-5 occurred in 2011. The objective of the present study was to study the pattern of some common infections in children one month to five years of ageMethods: Observational descriptive study was conducted at Department of Paediatric from July 2012 to June 2013 among 368 randomly selected children. Standard diagnostic criteria for Respiratory tract infection, Diarrhea, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infection, Malaria, Enteric fever, Measles, Pyoderma, Parasitic infections was followed for all children.Results: Respiratory tract infection and Diarrhea occurred most frequently in 7 to 24 month of child that was 82 (51.9%) and 53 (58.2%), respectively. Stool examination in Parasitic infestation showed that Amoeba 1 (7.1%), Giardia 1 (7.1%), Ascariasis 6 (42%), and Hookworms were 6 (42%) in total of 14 cases. Anemia was present in URI, Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Parasitic infestation with mean hemoglobin (Hb) ranges from 8.6 to 9.2. Mantoux showed that 20 (87%) cases had mantoux > 10 mm. Malarial species found were Vivax (16, 66.7%). Respiratory tract infection occurred mostly in winter season.Conclusions: Most common infections in children 1 month to 5 years of age was Respiratory tract infection followed by diarrhea, enteric fever, malaria, tuberculosis, urinary tract infection, parasitic infection, measles and pyoderma.