This paper estimates the perceptions, determinants and barriers regarding the adoption of climate change adaptation options among Nepalese rice farmers. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to source respondents for the study, and structured questionnaire techniques were used to collect data from 773 households across seven districts (3 from Terai and 4 from the hilly region of Nepal). A binomial logistic regression model was used to detangle the determinants for the adoption of climate change adaptation options among farmers. The results revealed that approximately 80.7% of the farmers perceived change in temperature, and 90% believed that there was a decrease in rainfall in the 30-year period. In total, 77% of farming households responded that rice production and yield has decreased due to such changes, which has forced them to adopt available adaptation options. This study found that 12 adaptation options have been mainly used by rice farmers, and among them, there has been an increasing use of chemical fertilizer, climate-smart rice verities, and changes in nursery date, which are the first three adoption options. Overall, 71% of farmers adopt such adaptation options to protect themselves from perceived risk. However, farmers are facing several barriers, such as capital inadequacy, high cost of agricultural inputs, poor adaptation information provided to farmers, inadequate access to credit facilities and inadequate awareness about adaptation regarding the adoption of such options. Binomial regression results revealed that several factors influence a farmer's choice in adaptation measures. Our findings suggest the need for greater investment to remove these barriers and institutional shortcomings and help to improve a rice farmer's wellbeing.

The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth is widely concerned in terms of increase in employment opportunities and for overall economic welfare, especially in developing nations like Nepal. On this context, this paper makes an attempt to examine the sector wise effects of FDI uneconomic growth in Nepal represented by gross domestic product (GDP) and FDI as dependent and independent variables respectively, thereby identifying the direct effect of FDI on GDP using 10 years (2007 to 2016) sect oral data as main source of the information. The entire result of the inferential analysis predicts that FDI of industry, tourism and agriculture sectors have a very positive and significant impact on GDP during the stipulated timeframe. In this line, findings suggest that the main stakeholders and government have to come up with new policy to open up foreign investment in other sectors as well which helps to move informal activities into formal economy. Finally, it is noted that formulation of new plan and policy will be a necessary condition but nonsufficient step for the development, so the key recommendations are made for the effective steps and actions to be taken by the concerned authority to review and implement the introduced plan and policies, which in turn, will help in flow of FDI to achieve, accelerate, and sustain the high rate of economic growth in Nepal.

This study examines the climatic impact on wheat production in Terai of Nepal. This paper employs a Ricardian cross-sectional approach to estimates the relationship between wheat production and net revenue associated with wheat production in the plain area of Nepal (i.e. Terai) with different temperatures (average, maximum and minimum), precipitation and other traditional inputs like population density, seed, fertilizer, human labour, bullock labour and tractor. By using district level secondary data of 25 years, this study finds significant positive impact of the average and maximum temperature and significant negative impact of the minimum temperature on net revenue and wheat yield of the Terai region. Similarly, precipitation has mixed impacts. With the maximum temperature, increase in precipitation reduces net revenue and wheat yield whereas with average and minimum temperature, precipitation increases wheat yields as well as revenue. Other traditional inputs like population density, seed, manure, human labour and tractor used are positively associated with climatic change and increase net revenue as well as wheat yield whereas fertilizer and bullock used are negatively associated with climatic change and reduce net revenue and wheat yield.The Journal of Development and Administrative Studies (JODAS), Vol. 23(1-2), pp. 1-22

<p>Merger and Acquisition is relatively new reorganization practice undertaken to strengthen the BFIs in the Nepalese financial market. This study makes an attempt to analyze the financial performance of merged banking and financial institutions relative to their pre-merger performance, and assess the perception of the stakeholders towards merger. Six banks and financial institutions are considered as sample to undertake this study along with 120 respondents for secondary and primary data respectively. The financial ratios comparison method along with t-test of changes in performance measures has been used. This study found that merger impacts performance positively when larger and stable parties such as commercial banks act as bidders as opposed to the merger between smaller BFIs mainly other than commercial banks as bidder. The loan quality significantly deteriorates after merger in most of the cases and profitability measured in terms of ROA and ROE is adversely affected in most of the cases after the merger. Therefore, the merger should not be considered as the definite solutions to overcome the challenges faced in the market; enough evaluation is needed to select the right partners before executing the merger.</p><p>Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 2, No. 1 &amp; 2, pp. 47-68</p>

Article HistoryThis study aims to analyze the level of understanding about climate change among the Nepalese youth. Perceptions regarding the knowledge about climate change, climate change indicators, impact made by such change, government intervention and various climate change policies were investigated. The exploratory survey was conducted with the help of self-administered questionnaire. A total of 954 youth studying at the different levels were selected purposively from about 2 dozens of schools and colleges that represent 4 different Universities, Higher Secondary and Schools in different areas of Kathmandu Valley. Both descriptive as well as inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. The logistic regression model was used to test the hypothesis. The model prepared 5 different hypotheses to identify the actual level of youth understanding about climate change. The study results that 98% youth are aware about climate change. Similarly, the logit model revealed that youth are well aware of climate change since factors like study level, age, gender, formal education about climate change, participation in various climaterelated training, climate change talk on family and society, access to mobile phone and use of mobile phone for climate change learning are found to be statistically significant at desirable probability level. However, in spite of youth awareness on climate change, still, they are unknown about the coping strategies such as adaptation and mitigation implemented by the government. It indicates government should transmit similar information via all possible channels to the youth so that the plan and policies that are related to climate change can be successfully implemented. Contribution/ Originality:The key contribution of this paper is the establishment of results about climate change understanding level of Nepalese youth studying at different Schools, Colleges and Universities in Nepal.Researchers applied logistic regression model using original data generated from the field surveys.