Background: To study the clinical profile, laboratory parameters, complications and outcome of scrub typhus in children. Methods: One hundred children with undiagnosed febrile illness admitted to our hospital from Aug 2014 to Nov 2014 were included in the study. All children were tested for scrub typhus using a commercial ELISA kit for specific IgM antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi. Results: Out of 100 children admitted to our hospital, only 50(50%) patients had positive IgM antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi. 30(60%) cases had fever of 5 to 10 days duration and 20(40%) cases had fever of more than 10 days duration. Vomiting with abdominal pain was reported in 20 (40%) cases, Lymphadenopathy in 18 (36%), hepatosplenomegaly in 35 (70%), generalized edema in 18 (36%) patients. Eschar was seen in 25(50%) patients. Most common abnormal laboratory parameters were raised SGOT, thrombocytopenia, raised bilirubin, raised CRP, leukocytosis and anemia. Most common complications were shock and electrolyte disturbances. Conclusion: In children Scrub typhus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy .Prompt antibiotic treatment for scrub typhus should be given in cases with strong clinical suspicion to prevent morbidity and mortality.

INTRODUCTIONBiliary tract diseases are usually the result of obstruction, infection or both. Obstruction can be extramural (e.g. pancreatic cancer), intramural (cholangiocarcinoma) or intraluminal (e.g. choledocholithiasis). Similar to other infections in other parts of the body, biliary infections are due to three factors; a susceptible host, sufficient inoculums and stasis. The most common symptoms related to biliary tract diseases are right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting, jaundice, palpable right upper quadrant mass, dyspeptic symptoms and pyrexia of unknown origin.Ultrasonography is the initial investigation of any patient suspected of disease of biliary tract. It is a non-invasive and painless test which does not expose the patient to radiation and can be performed on critically ill patients. PURPOSEThe purpose of the study is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy with operative and histopathological findings in the management of biliary tract diseases. . After admission detailed clinical history was obtained from each case as per proforma. After that they were subjected to ultrasound after an overnight fast (6 to 8 hours) followed by surgery in appropriate cases. RESULTSIn this study the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography to diagnose acute cholecystitis was 94% and 85% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in case of chronic cholecystitis was 71% and 97% respectively. In case of others it was 94% and 97% respectively.

BACKGROUNDAfter obesity, thyroid disorders are the most common cause of metabolic disturbances, with surgery forming the mainstay of treatment of many thyroid swellings.The major complications include postoperative haemorrhage, respiratory obstruction, hyperthyroid storm, hypoparathyroidism, and laryngeal nerve injuries. Surgery of the thyroid takes place in an area of complicated anatomy and in which a number of physiological functions and special senses are controlled. Thyroid gland being related to vital structures poses a challenge for the operating surgeon. But still, thyroid surgery in the hands of experienced surgeons is currently one of safest surgeries performed.This study intends to assess the occurrence of various postoperative complications following the different thyroidectomy procedures and the role of adequate preoperative patient preparation, careful, meticulous surgical technique and early recognition of postoperative complications with the prompt institution of treatment in reducing morbidity and providing the patient with the best chance of a satisfactory outcome.

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BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is a common condition involving the pancreas. The estimated incidence is about 3% of cases presenting with pain abdomen in the UK. The hospital admission rate for acute pancreatitis is 9.8/100,000 per year in UK and annual incidence may range from 5-50/100,000 worldwide. Gall stone disease and alcohol account for greater than 80% of all patients with acute pancreatitis, with biliary disease accounting for 45% and alcohol found in 35% of patients. Given the wide spectrum of disease seen, the care of patients with pancreatitis must be highly individualised. Patients with mild acute pancreatitis generally can be managed with resuscitation and supportive care. Aetiological factors are sought and treated, if possible, but operative therapy essentially has no role in the care of these patients. Those with severe and necrotising pancreatitis require intensive therapy, which may include wide operative debridement of the infected pancreas or surgical management of local complications of the disease. AIM OF THE STUDY 1. To study the age and sex prevalence of acute pancreatitis. 2. To study the various aetiological factors of acute pancreatitis. 3. To study the clinical presentation and management of acute pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery at M.K.C.G Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur were taken up for the study. Totally, 49 patients with 53 episodes of acute pancreatitis were studied from September 2013 to August 2015. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of acute abdomen in patients presenting to the surgical emergency department. Alcohol being the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in this part of the country, it has a male preponderance and most commonly presents in the 4th decade of life. It is mainly a clinical diagnosis supplanted with biochemical and radiological findings. The management is mainly conservative, with surgery reserved for patients with biliary pancreatitis and those developing complications secondary to acute disease. In those developing necrosis, there is a trend toward delaying necrosectomy. Recent results support the use of minimally invasive procedures for the various complications associated with acute pancreatitis.