From an epidemiologic perspective, cardiac myxomas are best divided into the following 2 categories: those that arise in isolation and those that arise in the setting of a syndrome (so called Carney Complex). The former account for about 90% -95% of cases, while the later account for a minority of cases and those arise from the right or left ventricle constitute as 3% each. Real-time twodimensional echocardiography has proved to be extremely useful in defining intracavitary masses. With two-dimensional echocardiography accurate visualization of the right ventricular body and outflow tract can be accomplished consistently. The acoustic nature and anterior location of the right ventricular myxomas make them appear as bright, mobile masses. The mobile nature of the tumor can easily be appreciated and its point of attachment, or stalk can be visualized accurately. Background of this case illustrates the transthoracic 2D echocardiographic pattern of right ventricular myxoma and its attachment by a pedicle to the anterior papillary muscle, masquerading as ball-valve thrombus and cardiac "stone" in tilted parasternal long axis-3 chamber views in a 15-year-old girl. Mahaim criteria to distinguish myxoma from organizing thrombus had been highlighted.

Left ventricular myxomas are extremely rare and account for 2.5% of all cardiac myxoma cases. A left ventricular myxoma originating from the apical interventricular septum and projecting into the left ventricular cavity was diagnosed by Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging in a 29-year-old male. The presentation of myxoma with symptoms masquerading as infectious hepatitis and dilated cardiomyopathy with a measured ejection fraction of 20% has been described.

Evolution of two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography identified the typical features of Endomyocardial Fibrosis (EMF) such as dense ventricular apical fibrosis, dysfunction of atrioventricular valve and sub-valvular apparatus and cavity dimensions. This is the tool used most for the diagnosis of EMF in areas where the disease is endemic in Africa. Today echocardiography is used as a screening tool to identify cases of EMF at the community level and it could be confirmed at the bed side. Background of these cases highlighted the echocardiographic features of EMF in different age groups and the oldest one reported at the age of 85 years in a female in advanced stage at this coastal district of Thoothukudi in India.

Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a public health problem affecting the children, young adults and elderly individuals in an epidemic fashion in the coastal districts of south India. Due to lack of resources for research in these endemic areas, its etiology remains elusive and hypotheses ranging from infections and allergic causes to malnutrition and toxins have not been tested rigorously. The disease is characterized by endocardial fibrosis and the right ventricle is the cardiac chamber most frequently affected. Patients may present clinically with heart failure and an associated AV (atrioventricular) valve regurgitation is common. Several features of the advanced disease called as "burnt-out" stage of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) are not fully understood. Background of these case studies described the clinical presentation, echocardiographic features and management of this late stage of the disease.

Introduction: To report a case of isolated "endocarditic" aortic regurgitation in a 17-year old female with infective vegetations on aortic valve. Case Report: A 17-year old female was admitted with features of heart failure and a febrile illness. Blood cultures were negative and ECG revealed normal. Echocardiography revealed a "kissing-type" of vegetation on the bicuspid aortic valve with severe aortic regurgitation and a dilated left ventricle with moderate dysfunction. Conclusion: The management of aortic insufficiency occurring in infective endocarditis may differ and the presence of intractable pulmonary edema or shock is a clear indication for prompt valve replacement. The traditional diagnostic criteria are insufficient to diagnose infective endocarditis and the modified Duke criteria provide high sensitivity and specificity over 80% for the diagnosis of native valve endocarditis with positive blood cultures.