Aim To evaluate the outcome and safety profile of short-term perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL) tamponade in comparison with buckle-vitrectomy in case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with choroidal detachment (CD). Methods Records of patients who underwent surgery for RRD/CD from January 2016 to July 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were allocated into two groups-group 1 patients underwent bucklevitrectomy, while those in group 2 underwent a twostaged vitrectomy with short-term (5 days) PFCL tamponade. Results The study included 33 eyes (33 patients) with mean age of 50.3 ± 17.2 years. Group 1 included 15 patients, while group 2 included 18. The pre-operative characteristics were similar in both the groups. The mean pre-operative intraocular pressure in group 1 and 2 was 9.1 ± 4.0 and 8.6 ± 5.2 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.755). Retinal re-attachment after single surgery was achieved in 10 (66.7%) and 14 eyes (77.8%), respectively. All the eyes achieved retinal reattachment after repeat surgery in both the groups (1.40 vs 1.39 surgeries, p = 0.963). Post-surgery visual improvement was seen in 13 (86.7%) and 17 eyes (94.4%), respectively (p = 0.579). Final visual acuity of C 6/60 was obtained in 7 (46.7%) and 9 eyes (50.0%), respectively (p [ 0.999). None of the patients needed retinectomy during repeat surgery. None of the patients experienced exaggerated inflammation or intractable raised IOP spike which could not be controlled with medications. Conclusion Surgical outcomes were similar in both the groups. No clinically apparent toxicity was seen with post-operative short-term PFCL tamponade. Two-staged surgery is a good alternative to bucklevitrectomy for eyes with RRD associated with CD.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with either platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap for the treatment of large macular hole. Methods: Pseudophakic patients with idiopathic macular holes with a minimum diameter (MD) of 600–1500 μm were randomized into two groups (30 patients each): 25-gauge PPV with either inverted ILM flap (group A) or PRP (group B). Results: Mean MD in groups A and B were 803.33 ± 120.65 μm and 784.73 ± 120.10 μm, respectively ( P = 0.552). Mean base diameter in groups A and B was 1395.17 ± 240.57 μm and 1486.90 ± 281.61 μm, respectively ( P = 0.180). The median presenting best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logMAR 0.78 (range 0.78–1.00) and logMAR 0.78 (Range 0.60–1.00) in groups A and B, respectively ( P = 0.103). Anatomical closure was achieved in 90% ( n = 27/30) and 93.3% ( n = 28/30) eyes in groups A and B, respectively ( P = 0.158). Type 1 closure was achieved in 76.7% ( n = 23/30) and 83.3% ( n = 25/30) eyes in groups A and B, respectively. Median BCVA at postoperative 3-month in groups A and B was logMAR 0.60 (range 0.48–0.60) and logMAR 0.60 (range 0.48–0.78), respectively ( P = 0.312). The average visual improvement was 2.0 and 2.5 early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) lines in groups A and B, respectively ( P = 0.339). None of the patients developed postoperative exaggerated inflammatory reactions. Conclusion: Using platelets for the treatment of large macular holes is as safe and effective as an inverted ILM flap.

Ocular filariasis commonly presents as subconjunctival or eyelid nodules. We report a rare case of a live, motile worm causing floaters. The worm was isolated from the vitreous cavity and revealed to be Dirofilaria repens . Correct recognition of the worm is necessary as human dirofilariasis does not present as microfilaremia and does not require systemic therapy; in contrast to other causes of ocular filariasis, which require systemic therapy. As ophthalmologist may be the first physician to encounter such patients, a high index of suspicion is required for timely and adequate management.