Crop stage-specific information on the impacts of projected climate change on crop and irrigation water requirements are essential for improving productivity. This study investigated the possible implications of projected climate change on the phenology, effective rainfall (Peff), crop (CWR) and irrigation water requirements (IWR) of maize in eight locations in India. CWR, Peff and IWR were estimated for seven crop stages viz., emergence, 5th leaf stage, tasseling, silking, milking, dough and maturity during the baseline (1980–2009) and near-century (2022–39) using climate data derived from a subset of 29 general circulation models. The results indicated that mean seasonal maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall were projected to increase in all the locations. Hence, the total crop duration (3–7 days), CWR (8–69 mm) and IWR (1–54 mm) were projected to decrease. The study could identify the specific stages in which the greatest reduction in crop duration, CWR and IWR would occur. Such information will be of immense help to farmers and varietal improvement programs in the study regions in the near future.

Bio ceramics have enormous applications in the medical field as being used as implants. The base material in bioceramics is mostly calcium phosphate which comes in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAp) or Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The other materials are silica and alumina. The different blends of these bioceramics as well as bioglass are in use for medical implants. The use of simulation and modeling in determining and analysing the structure and function of these bioceramics is used for developing implants, scaffolds, and prosthetics as well as for analysing complex molecular interactions. The use of different molecular dynamics modeling techniques, Density Functional Theory, Finite Element Modeling, Artificial Neural Networks, etc is done in this regard. The results of these modeling and simulations are used for bone grafting, making scaffolds, making dental implants, healing damaged bones, 3D modeling, stress analysis, As removal, nanoindentation, etc. Some software like GROMACS, MEGACELL, and ANOVA is used for this purpose. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was prepared from egg shells by various routes using hexane and acetic acid followed by heat treatment. Hap has a wide application in water treatment by removal of metal ions. XRD of the samples showed use of acetic acid followed by high temperature sintering leads to formation crystalline phases of HAp. Strong evidence of CaCO3 in calcite phase was obtained in other samples.

Cerium (IV) Oxide (CeO2) was synthesized by a wet chemical route and showed the formation of nanoparticles which were subject to a heterogenous agglomeration and generation of oxygen vacancies. These defects generated in ceria and in Ce-doped ZnO were found to have technological and environmental benefits in terms of photocatalysis and room-temperature magnetism. UV radiation was found to be a dominant factor in the performance of CeO2 and related materials, although hints of the workability of Ceria and its derivative in visible light were found. The morphological and structural changes occurring in the CeO2 during its growth were studied and correlated with the electronic and optical properties

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