Background:Curcuma longa L. is a perennial herb and a member of the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family, which is used extensively in foods as well as in Ayurvedic and Chinese systems of medicine. Current researches have focused on its antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial properties. Until now, very few studies suggested its role as a histological stain.Aim:To ascertain its efficacy to be used as a counterstain after hematoxylin, to compare it's staining ability with that of routinely used eosin dye and also to ascertain its role in various collagen diseases.Materials and Methods:Turmeric rhizomes were cut into small pieces and were dried. These dried turmeric rhizomes were milled to form fine powder, which was then processed to form dye for staining tissue structures.Results:It revealed that turmeric can be used as a counterstain after hematoxylin, its staining ability was also good and comparable to that of eosin dye with a special affinity for collagen and muscle fibers.Conclusion:Turmeric dye can be used as a histological stain, which stains similar to eosin dye and its specific affinity for collagen and muscle fibers authenticates its role in the treatment of collagen and muscle disorders.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) is widely used as the first line of treatment choice for osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, bone cancer metastasis and hypercalcemia of malignancy. BPs induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a relatively rare but severe clinical condition cited in English literature since 2003 while exact pathogenesis of BPs induced ONJ is not known until today, but numerous hypotheses were described in recent literature that promote and interlinked the development of BPs induced ONJ. These hypotheses indicate multifactorial nature of its development and factors responsible for that are; long term administration of intravenous nitrogen containing BPs in cancer patients, biological behavior of jaw, antiangiogenic property of BPs and by soft-tissue toxicity etc., All these factors are compounded by the presence of infection that are responsible for lower the pH of the oral cavity, other drugs like administration of corticosteroid, pathologies that cause hypo-calcification of bone, compromised immune response that alters normal healing such as renal transplantation followed by long term oral BPs therapy or chronic diabetic patients receiving BPs therapy and any dentoalveolar trauma. All literature in this review article is search from PubMed, Med-know and Google search engines.

Objectives The aim of this paper is to summarize different diagnostic criteria as well as probable aetiopathogenesis of bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Materials and MethodsThe electronic search of peerreviewed journals were performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) database in order to find the relevant articles on bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BP-related ONJ). The search was restricted to English language articles, published from January 2002 to May 2013. On the basis of these articles, probable aetiopathogenesis and different diagnostic criteria of BP-related ONJ were summarized. Results BP-related ONJ is related to the development of avascular necrosis or dead jaw bones. In recent literature many given hypotheses show the aetiopathogenesis and diagnosis of BP-related ONJ which are interlinked and have multifactorial nature. Their diagnosis revolves around four main diagnostic criteria that differentiate it from other conditions which can delay bone healing. Conclusions Factors like potency of bisphosphonates, biology of jaw bone, antiangiogenic property of bisphosphonates and soft tissue toxicity in combination with present infection, other drugs, pre-existing pathologies, compromised immune response and dentoalveolar trauma may lead to development of BP-related ONJ.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is considered to be one of the most common oral conditions in human population sharing an equal prevalence rate in both developed and developing countries. It is observed that in India, more than 800 million beedis are sold every year; hence, beedi making is a big industry involving approximately 4.4 million workers, and 76% of these workers are women. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the frequency of gingival and periodontal disease and to evaluate the treatment needs in labors working in a beedi factory. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 daily wage labors working in a beedi factory resided at Patna, Bihar. Subjects aged between 19 and 60 years were randomly selected for the study. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) index with CPTIN probe along with the demographic data was recorded in daylight. Results: None of the study subjects was found to fall in category community periodontal index-1 (CPI-1), 67.2% of the study population was found to be in CPI-2, 12.3% were found to be in CPI-3, and 9.7% of the study subjects scored CPI-4. For the treatment needs, majority of the subjects were in TN2 category; however, with advancing age, there was increase in the percentage of population requiring TN3 treatment needs. Conclusion: CPITN index along with the demographic data was recorded in daylight. The high prevalence rate of periodontal disease in these beedi factory workers was found, which increased with advancing age. The treatment need index also showed rise in the requirement of complex procedures with advancing age, suggesting the role of dental education and regular checkups in these population groups.

Background: Stroke can broadly be categorized into ischemic or hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke accounts for 85% of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), whereas hemorrhagic stroke accounts for 15% of CVAs. Stroke is broadly associated with loss of sensation or unilateral paralysis of orofacial structures. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of various oral features in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients diagnosed with stroke admitted in the intensive care unit were included in the study. The evaluation of oral manifestations and their prevalence was done by a well-experienced oral medicine expert deputed in the dental department of the hospital. A single examiner performed all oral evaluations. Results: The mean and median for the age were 60.8 and 59. Sixty of 100 patients were male, whereas 38 were female. Forty patients had hemorrhagic stroke, whereas 60 had ischemic stroke. Senenty-eight patients of 100 had features of periodontitis, 90 of 100 patients presented with halitosis, 79 presented with caries, 83 patients had positive signs of tongue hypermobility, and 75 patients had dysphagia. Conclusion: Oral hygiene is the most neglected aspect during rehabilitation in stroke patients. It is critical for stroke patients to receive thorough oral care, as it can prevent other systemic ailments and potentially life-threatening complications like aspiration pneumonia.