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BackgroundLower back pain (LBP) is a major cause of increasing years lived with disability. Many adults suffer from LBP once in their lifetime. Multiple environmental, genetic, and acquired factors lead to disc degeneration. Spinal stenosis can be caused due to bony, ligamentous, or discogenic origin. The majority of cases have a combined etiology of bony, ligamentous, and disc disease. Lumbar disc disease (LDD) has been mentioned by various terminologies in the literature. A standardized nomenclature is needed for better research and communication. Our study is based on the correlation between lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. MethodologyA prospective observational study was undertaken on patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of LDD to the Department of Orthopaedics at a tertiary care hospital in southern Rajasthan. The purposive sampling technique with a consecutive scheme was used. MRI is a valuable tool for diagnosing LDH. ResultsMany studies have concluded false-positive results for MRI in cases of LDH. Hence, interpretation with grading systems (Pfirrmann's and Scizas grading) and correlation with clinical findings are mandatory for accurate diagnosis and management of patients. ConclusionsWe suggest clinicians adopt clinical reporting of MRI to improve the diagnostic accuracy with clinical and radiological correlation. Reporting can guide professionals in deciding the course of treatment in the form of conservative or surgical management.

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Introduction: In this era of active living, industrial growth, increasing automobile accidents, and athletic activities, fractures of the forearm bones are becoming more frequent. The incidence of diaphyseal fractures of both bone forearms is reported to be approximately 10 per 10,000 persons per year, although rates may vary according to age and sex. If not properly treated, a fracture of the forearm bones might cause a serious loss of function. Therefore, to restore function, these fractures require adequate anatomical reduction and internal fixation. The majority of forearm fractures in adults are treated surgically, and various modes of internal fixation are available. In this study, we evaluated and compared the clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of both bone forearm diaphyseal fractures treated with plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing.Material and method: This prospective and comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care medical teaching hospital in southern Rajasthan, India. Forty patients with diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna bones who presented to the casualty or orthopedic outpatient departments of our institute were included. Patients were divided into two groups, 20 patients in each group and treated by intramedullary nailing (group A) and plate osteosynthesis (group B), and regularly followed up and evaluated for clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes.Result: Final results were calculated according to the modified Grace-Eversmann scoring system. In group A, out of 20 cases excellent score was seen in six cases (30%), good score in nine cases (45%), fair score in three cases (15%), and at last, two cases (10%) showed poor results. In group B, excellent score was in eight cases (40%), good score was in eight cases (40%), fair score was in three cases (15%), and at last, one case (5%) was poor in our study.Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna, both treatment modalities provide equally satisfactory results.

Introduction: The posterior cruciate ligament plays a major role in knee stabilization. Clinically isolated tear or avulsion of the PCL can be caused by a fall on a flexed knee or striking the flexed tibia on the dashboard in a motor vehicle accident. Postero-medial (burks and schaffer) approach is a simpler, less invasive approach to fix PCL avulsion fracture that better preserves muscular elements. Materials and Method: 20 patients with acute isolated PCL avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment are treated surgically by fixation with cannulated cancellous screws through posteromedial approach at tertiary care teaching hospital of Southern Rajasthan. Preoperative MRI was performed to rule out other concomitant intra-articular ligamentous and meniscal lesions. Patients were assessed for intra and post-operative for stability and complications also clinically by using knee society score and radiographically with x-ray at post-operative day 1, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months. Results: Out of 20 patients,18 were men and 2 were women. According to knee society score 14 patients showed excellent and 6 patients showed good functional outcome. Postoperative radiographs showed all PCL avulsed fragment fixation were maintained and consecutive radiographs showed fracture healing in all cases by the end of 3 months.