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In the present research, a "green" recipe was used to produce innovative phytogenic magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) from leaf extract of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb without employing any additional toxic surfactants as capping agents. The convenient reaction between metal salt solution and plant biomolecules occurred within a few minutes by color changes from pale green to intense black, hinting at the production of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The formation of PMNPs was verified by employing different techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The fabricated PMNPs were further utilized as a catalyst for removing toxic dyes, i.e., Crystal violet (CV) and Eriochrome black T (EBT) from aqueous solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The concentrations of CV and EBT were calculated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy throughout all the experiments. The results indicated that PMNPs showed >95% removal of both dyes within 10 min of contact time over a wide range of concentration, 10-300 mg/L. The degradation kinetics were also investigated using first-and second-order rate equations, and the results indicated that kinetic data of both CV and EBT followed first-order degradation rate. Moreover, the removal efficiency of the fabricated PMNPs was also *

Inherited disorders have serious implications for cattle production and breeding programs. Structural or physiological abnormalities and neonate lethality have negative impacts on breeding populations. Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) and bovine citrullinemia (BC) are heritable congenital syndromes having autosomal recessive basis among cattle breeds worldwide. CVM affected malformed foetuses either get aborted or have evident skeletal deformities upon birth and die during early postnatal period. CVM is caused by a missense substitution (G→T) in uridine diphosphate Nacetylglucosamine transporter encoded by SLC35A3 gene (at position 559). Citrullinemia is a heritable metabolic disorder of urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency which occurs due to a transition (C→T) within exon 5 (codon 86) of ASS1 gene with neurological complications during first week after birth. Both of these fatal disorders have been reported from all over the world in Bos taurus but there is a lack of literature on buffaloes. The present study was carried out to detect CVM and BC carriers among the Pakistani indigenous trans-husbandry water buffalo breed, Nili-Ravi (Bubalus bubalis). In this study, the genetic screening for the target point mutations was carried out using healthy elite buffalo bulls (n=152). Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood and SLC35A3 gene target sequence (281 bp) and ASS1gene target sequence (505 bp) were amplified using PCR. Amplified PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing was performed. No carriers were detected among the study sample, however, a novel transversion (c.250C>A) was detected in amplified ASS1 gene fragment. Although, findings of this study confirmed absence of CVM and citrullinemia carriers among the Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls but the presence of carrier animals cannot be ruled out in studies involving larger sample sizes. This genetic screening was carried out for the first time in Pakistani buffaloes which can be used in genetic screening of CVM or BC carrier animals in the future. Further research is recommended in order to enhance the existing data regarding CVM and BC carriers among Bubalus bubalis.