Species of the genus Nesterenkonia have been isolated from different ecological niches, especially from saline habitats and reported as weak human pathogens causing asymptomatic bacteraemia. Here, for the first time we are reporting the genome sequence and pathogenomic analysis of a strain designated as CD08_7 isolated from the duodenal mucosa of a celiac disease patient, identified as Nesterenkonia jeotgali. To date, only five strains of the genus Nesterenkonia (N. massiliensis strain NP1T, Nesterenkonia sp. strain JCM 19054, Nesterenkonia sp. strain F and Nesterenkonia sp. strain AN1) have been whole genome sequenced and annotated. In the present study we have mapped and compared the virulence profile of N. jeotgali strain CD08_7 along with other reference genomes which showed some characteristic features that could contribute to pathogenicity. The RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) based genome mining revealed more genes responsible for pathogenicity in strain CD08_7 when compared with the other four sequenced strains. The studied categories were resistance to antibiotic and toxic compounds, invasion and intracellular resistance, membrane transport, stress response, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, phages and prophages and iron acquisition. A total of 1431 protein-encoding genes were identified in the genome of strain CD08_7 among which 163 were predicted to contribute for pathogenicity. Out of 163 genes only 59 were common to other genome, which shows the higher levels of genetic richness in strain CD08_7 that may contribute to its functional versatility. This study provides a comprehensive analysis on genome of N. jeotgali strain CD08_7 and possibly indicates its importance as a clinical pathogen.

For the first time, we report here the 3.5-Mb genome of Serinicoccus chungangensis strain CD08_5, isolated from duodenal mucosa from a celiac disease (CD) patient. The specific annotations obtained revealed genes associated with virulence, disease, and defense, which predict its probable role in the pathogenesis of CD.

We report here the 2.8-Mb genome of Kocuria palustris strain CD07_3 isolated from the duodenal mucosa of a celiac disease (CD) patient. The genome of the bacterium consists of specific virulence factor genes and antibiotic resistance genes that depict its pathogenic potential.

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) are known to cause distinct types of infections in humans like endocarditis and urinary tract infections (UTI). Surprisingly, there is a lack of genome analysis data in literature against CNS particularly of human origin. In light of this, we performed genome mining and comparative genomic analysis of CNS strains Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii strain GM22B2, Staphylococcus equorum subsp. strain equorum G8HB1, Staphylococcus pasteuri strain BAB3 isolated from gall bladder and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain 1HT3, Staphylococcus warneri strain 1DB1 isolated from colon. We identified 29% of shared virulence determinants in the CNS strains which involved resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds, bacteriocins and ribosomally synthesized peptides, adhesion, invasion, intracellular resistance, prophage regions, pathogenicity islands. 10 unique virulence factors involved in adhesion, negative transcriptional regulation, resistance to copper and cadmium, phage maturation were also present in our strains. Apart from comparing the genome homology, size and G + C content, we also showed the presence 10 different CRISPR-cas genes in the CNS strains. Further, KAAS based annotation revealed the presence of CNS genes in different pathways involved in human diseases. In conclusion, this study is a first attempt to unveil the pathogenomics of CNS isolated from two distinct body organs and highlights the importance of CNS as emerging pathogens of health care sector. Journal of