An outbreak of deadly COVID-19 virus has not only taken the lives of people but also severely crippled the economy. Due to strict lockdown, the manufacturing and logistics activities have been suspended, and it has affected the demand and supply of various products as a result of restrictions imposed on shopkeepers and retailers. Impacts of COVID-19 are observed ubiquitously in every type of units from different sectors. In this study, a simulation model of the public distribution system (PDS) network is developed with three different scenarios to demonstrate disruptions in the food supply chain. Difficulties have been increased in matching supply and demand in a vast network of PDS because of changing scenarios with the growth of infected cases and recovery. This paper also highlights the importance of a resilient supply chain during a pandemic. Our proposed simulation model can help in developing a resilient and responsive food supply chain to match the varying demand, and then further assist in providing decision-making support for rerouting the vehicles as per travel restrictions in areas. Paper has been summarised with significant highlights and including future research scope for developing a more robust food supply chain network.

Candidate rotavirus vaccines have been prepared with reassortant strains specifically to protect against the 4 major rotavirus G serotypes (G1 -4). Many studies using P (VP4) genotyping methods have indicated that, worldwide, rotavirus strains of the 4 common G serotypes are each associated with 1 P genotype: GI, G3, and G4 are associated with P[8], and G2 is associated with P[4]. In contrast, G and P genotyping of rotavirus in specimens from India revealed that a high percentage of the childhood diarrhea strains belong to genotype P[6], and the most common strain had an unusual G serotype, G9. Similarly, in all regions surveyed in Brazil, apparent reassortants of genotype P[8], G5 were found in children with gastroenteritis. These studies indicate that while rotavirus strains have limited diversity in many settings, reassortment between common and uncommon serotypes or animal strains can arise in some settings and, thus, lead to unusual diversity.

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Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is safe and feasible, offering the additional benefit of a shorter hospital stay. It should be offered to patients with acute cholecystitis, provided the surgery is performed within 72 to 96 h of the onset of symptoms.

A cohort of 452 rural children was followed longitudinally for 13 mo to ascertain the role of HEp-2 cell adherent Escherichia coli and other pathogens in causing acute (less than or equal to 14 d) and persistent (greater than 14 d) diarrhea. Aeromonas, Campylobacter jejuni, E. coli manifesting localized adherence to HEp-2 cells and enterotoxigenic E. coli were significantly associated with acute diarrhea. E. coli strains that exhibit aggregative adherence, so-called enteroaggregative E. coli, a newly-described category of diarrheagenic E. coli distinct from enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, and enteropathogenic E. coli, were found significantly more often in patients with persistent diarrhea (29.5%) than with acute diarrhea (12.8%) (P = .0052) or controls (9.9%) (P = .0006).