Flavonoid metal ion complexes are one of the classes of biological active molecules with immense pharmacological potential including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer activity, to name a few. The effectiveness of this complexion depends on the state and nature of the transition metal ions and on the position to which the metal ion coordinates with theircorresponding parent flavonoid. The metal coordination of flavonoids also improves the biological activities to a maximum extent compared to the parent compound. This may be attributed to many factors such as metal ions, coordination sites, structural configuration, and stability of the complexes. On the other hand, some of the metal ion complexes reduce the biological efficiency of the corresponding parent flavonoids which can be due to the shift from antioxidant to pro-oxidant nature as well as the stability of the complexes both in in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, the literature for the stability of flavonoid metal ion complexes in the in vivo conditions is very scanty. Therefore, this review summarizes and critically address all these parameters and puts together in a single slot that favours for the researchers to put forward to understand the mode and detailed molecular mechanism of flavonoid metals complexes compared with their corresponding parent flavonoids.

BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane block for providing postoperative analgesia for lower abdominal surgeries are performed commonly nowadays. Injection of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist drugs have been suggested for improving the quality of nerve block. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Ropivacaine and Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine in providing postoperative analgesia for lower abdominal surgeries under ultrasound-guided TAP block. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was done in sixty patients of age group 18-60 years under ASA I and II randomly allotted into two groups of thirty each undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Group A received only Ropivacaine, while Group B received Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine. RESULTS Patients in Group B had extended duration of analgesia with minimal sedation. CONCLUSION The study showed that the addition of Dexmedetomidine to Ropivacaine in TAP block extended the duration of analgesia with minimal sedation without significant changes in haemodynamic parameters or complications.

In recent years, the deployment of sensors and other ancillary technologies has turned out to be vital in the investigation of tribological behavioral patterns of composites. The tribological behavioral patterns of AA7075 hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and pulverized fuel ash (PFA) were investigated in this work. The stir casting technique was used to fabricate the composites. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness were determined for the fabricated material. Besides, microstructure analysis was performed for these AA7075 hybrid MMCs reinforced with MWCNTs and pulverized fuel ash. A pin-on-disc wear testing setup was used to evaluate the wear rate, in which the EN 31 steel disc was used as the counter-face. Taguchi’s design of the experiments was used to optimize the input parameters that impact the characteristics of the hybrid composites, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to determine the contribution of input parameters on the wear behavior. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) was conducted on the AA7075 hybrid metal matrix composites using a copper electrode for determining the material removal rate. These investigations and the results were utilized for determining the optimized output process parameter values of the AA7075 metal matrix composite.