Majority (n=138) were boys. 55.9% were referred from paediatric outpatient department while medical officers in periphery referred 38.5%. The diagnoses was mental retardation in 30.97%, behavioral and emotional disorders in 23.06% and neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders in 15.98% cases.

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Infliximab infusions are safe in the community setting. Severe ADRs were rare. None required active physician intervention; nurses were able to treat all reactions by following standardized medical directives.

Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is a growing clinical problem for which effective treatments, aside from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids, are lacking. Cannabinoids are emerging as potentially promising agents to manage neuroimmune effects associated with nociception. In particular, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their combination are being considered as therapeutic alternatives for treatment of NP. This study aimed to examine whether sex affects long-term outcomes on persistent mechanical hypersensitivity 7 weeks after ceasing cannabinoid administration. Clinically relevant low doses of THC, CBD, and a 1:1 combination of THC:CBD extracts, in medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, were orally gavaged for 14 consecutive days to age-matched groups of male and female sexually mature Sprague Dawley rats. Treatments commenced one day after surgically inducing a pro-nociceptive state using a peripheral sciatic nerve cuff. The analgesic efficacy of each phytocannabinoid was assessed relative to MCT oil using hind paw mechanical behavioural testing once a week for 9 weeks. In vivo intracellular electrophysiology was recorded at endpoint to characterize soma threshold changes in primary afferent sensory neurons within dorsal root ganglia (DRG) innervated by the affected sciatic nerve. The thymus, spleen, and DRG were collected post-sacrifice and analyzed for long-term effects on markers associated with T lymphocytes at the RNA level using qPCR. Administration of cannabinoids, particularly the 1:1 combination of THC, elicited a sustained mechanical anti-hypersensitive effect in males with persistent peripheral NP, which corresponded to beneficial changes in myelinated Aβ mechanoreceptive fibers. Specific immune cell markers associated with T cell differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, previously implicated in repair processes, were differentially up-regulated by cannabinoids in males treated with cannabinoids, but not in females, warranting further investigation into sexual dimorphisms that may underlie treatment outcomes.

Background: One in five Canadians experience chronic pain, and interdisciplinary pain programs are well established as the gold standard of treatment. However, not all patients are ready to engage in interdisciplinary treatment for chronic pain. Aims: The aims of this study were to (1) first demonstrate changes in patient-related outcomes after attending a publicly funded 8-week interdisciplinary pain program and (2) evaluate painrelated predictors of readiness for change. Methods: The institution's research ethics board approved this study. One hundred twentynine patients completed questionnaires on the first and last day of attending the program. Paired sample t-tests were utilized to evaluate the changes in patient-related outcomes after attending the program, and linear regressions were utilized to evaluate pain-related predictors of the stages of change. Results: Postprogram, there were significant decreases in pain-related interference, fear of pain/re-injury, pain catastrophizing, and symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety and a significant increase in wellness-focused coping and self-efficacy. Postprogram, patients also demonstrated lower scores in precontemplation and contemplation and higher scores in action and maintenance stages of readiness for change. In predicting precontemplation, fear of pain/re-injury was the sole predictor, and self-efficacy was the sole predictor of the contemplation, action, and maintenance stages. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the short-term benefits of an 8-week interdisciplinary pain program. It is suggested that preprogram interventions targeting kinesophobia for individuals who are precontemplative and self-efficacy for others may be important to facilitate patient engagement. RÉSUMÉContexte: Un Canadien sur cinq souffre de douleur chronique. Il est bien établi que les programmes interdisciplinaires de la douleur constituent le traitement de référence. Toutefois, ce ne sont pas tous les patients qui sont prêts à suivre un traitement interdisciplinaire pour la douleur chronique. Buts: Les buts de cette étude étaient : 1) démontrer les changements dans les résultats liés aux patients après que ces derniers aient participé à un programme interdisciplinaire de la douleur de huit semaines, financé par des fonds publics, et 2) évaluer les prédicteurs de la disposition au changement lié à la douleur. Méthodes: La commission d'éthique de la recherche de l'institution a approuvé cette étude. Cent vingt-neuf patients ont répondu à des questionnaires le premier et le dernier jour de leur participation au programme. Des tests T pour échantillons appariés ont été utilisés pour évaluer les changements dans les résultats liés aux patients après avoir participé au programme et des régressions linéaires ont été utilisées pour évaluer les prédicteurs des étapes du changement lié à la douleur. Résultats: Après le programme, des diminutions significatives ont été observées dans l'interférence liée à la douleur, la peur de la douleur ou d'une nouvelle blessure, la catastrophisat...