A comparison between three different types of labs, namely augmented reality remote labs, virtual labs and handson is carried out. The availability of hands-on labs in engineering and science education that require costly equipment and instruments is restricted for little and limited periods of time for a huge number of students. Solutions to bypass these problems are through the introduction of augmented reality (AR) remote labs and virtual labs. AR remote lab augments the real experiment scene with virtual objects. On the contrary, a virtual lab is a software simulation, which is an imitation of a real experiment represented by a mathematical model. The paper focuses on an empirical study that compares an AR remote lab developed specially for this purpose with its corresponding hand-on and virtual labs.

The main goal of this study was to determine the levels of knowledge of the farmers on the effect of pesticides on environment in Valleys area, Jordan. This is achieved through realizing some secondary objectives such as identification of the farmers' socioeconomic characteristics and its relation to some of the study variables, their attitude towards the negative effects of pesticides on the environment, their knowledge level about pesticides effect and their sources of information about pesticides use, storage and disposal. The study covered valleys areas, and some 98 farmers were included as stratified random sample. The results revealed that the 5% farmers do not rely on agricultural extension but they seek information from other trustworthy sources. The farmers have a positive attitude towards learning about the negative effects of the pesticides on the environment. The study also showed that the most common method of pesticides application is spraying using axi-sprayers or portable sprayers. Strengthen the agricultural extension and increase its effectiveness, promote trust and communication between those who guiding and farmers. Also strengthen the link between agricultural research centers and guiding centers to identify the appropriate type of pesticide to combat, to achieve the best results with least damage. Farmers should be knowledgeable about the importance of continuous medical checking up of their workers and especially those dealing with the agricultural chemicals.

Abstract-Many engineering students graduate with insufficient practical experience in many fields although their theoretical knowledge might be deep. One main reason is the lack of available labs. Unfortunately, other solutions such as virtual and remote labs presented by pure graphical visualization for assisting the students to develop their practical skills, cannot completely replace hand-on labs, because they lack reality and try to visualize instruments and experiments graphically. Our research is aimed at checking and proofing the appropriateness of augmented reality (AR) to be used in representing client user-interfaces in remote labs. Students can carry out an engineering experiment represented by real and virtual elements, components and equipment overlaid with virtual objects.

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This research is mainly concerned with remote labs dedicated to disparate types of scientific and engineering experiments. Educational engineering labs present an essential part in engineering education because they provide practical knowledge for students. Unfortunately, these labs equipped with costly instruments are available for little and limited periods of time for a huge number of students. An approach to circumvent the mentioned problems is by employing virtual and remote labs that assist the students in developing their practical skills, but applying this type of labs leads to the fact that students suffer from the weakness of the reality representation of experiment equipment. Our research is aimed at checking and proofing the appropriateness of augmented reality (AR) to be used in representing client user-interfaces in remote labs. Students can carry out an engineering experiment represented by real and virtual elements, components and equipment overlaid with virtual objects.