The objective of this study is the characterization of activated carbon prepared from hawthorn core natural residue which is a vegetation waste. By using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical agent 40 %  for 25 hours at (25 °C) as a raw material in this work. The best conditions were determined to be a carbonization temperature of 400 °C for 1 hour and a maximum yield is 82 %   Different operational factors such as carbonization time and temperature were used to prepare activated carbon from hawthorn core stones, pH, ash content, density, humidity content, conductivity, iodine number, and methylene blue dye absorption were all investigated in the generated activated carbon. Characterization of the activated carbon obtained was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Finally, the activated carbon synthesized in this study has acquired good properties that enable it to play an important function in a variety of environmental applications, including eco-protection, water treatment, and wastewater treatment and it was compared to a commercial reference sample from the B. D. H Company in industrial applications.

This research was designed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of local residents concerning Solid Waste Management [SWM] in Duhok, Iraq. Primary data were collected from local residents through interview and questionnaire. A total of 60 questionnaires were completed by the respondents that were randomly selected. In order to determine whether the trash could be recycled, the study goal was to define the household solid wastes produced by the neighborhood, and to use this solid waste to produce energy i.e. waste to energy technology. The outcomes of a research done in a neighborhood of the Iraqi city of Duhok are presented in this study. In order to determine whether the trash could be recycled, the study's goal was to define the household solid wastes produced by the neighborhood. The outcomes are used to assess the recycling potential in other towns that are comparable to the one under study. These neighborhoods are situated in the city's most active and recent growing area. The goal of the current study was to estimate the volume and quality of municipal solid trash generated in Duhok City in 2022. The samples were gathered from various city neighborhoods and residences. The income levels of the participants in the generation of municipal solid waste were considered. The generation of solid trash in Duhok city still Food (51 %) of the solid waste produced, followed by (24 %) plastics.